CHAPTER 2: ALFRED ADLER: Individual Psychology
As a child, Adler had an intense RIVALRY with
an older brother named Sigmund
INDVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY can be CONSIDERED to be
optimistic
People STRIVE toward SUPERIORITY through one of TWO PATHS. One is the ROUTE OF SOCIAL INTEREST; the other is the ROAD of
exaggerated personal gain.
To Adler, the SOLE DYNAMIC FORCE behind a person's activity or action is
the striving for success or superiority.
According to Adler, a person's FINAL GOAL is
a creation if the creative power
Adler insisted that PERSONALITY and BEHAVIOR is SHAPED by
subjective perceptions
Adler called ideas that have NO REAL EXISTENCE yet influence individuals as if they really existed. or the EXPECTATIONS of the FUTURE
fictionalism
The DOCTRINE that MOTIVATION should be CONSIDERED according to its FINAL PURPOSE or aim is called
teleology
Alder believed that ORGAN INFERIORITIES
stimulate feelings of inferiority.
A german term Gemeinschaftsgefühl. is usually translated as
social interest
According to Adler _________________ is the "SOLE CRITERION OF HUMAN VALUES"
social interest
A PERSON'S FINAL GOAL is ultimately SHAPED or MOLDED by
the creative power
A person's STYLE OF LIFE becomes fairly well ESTABLIHED at about what age?
4 to 5 years
Adler held that people are continually pushed by the need to overcome inferiority feelings and pulled by the desire for
completion
To Adler, the CORE of MALADJUSTMENT is
lack if social interest
Early recollections are
keys to understanding one's style of life.
According to Adler, the CREATIVE POWER
shapes or mold one's style of life.
Adler believed that the goals of a neurotic
C. both a and b.
PAMPERED children
frequently feel neglected.
Adlerian safeguarding tendencies are
sometimes conscious and sometimes unconscious.
SAFEGUARDING TENDENCIES PROTECT EXAGGERATED feelings of SUPERIORITY against
public disgrace
Compared with Freud, Adler
had a more positive view toward women.
You LOOK BACK what happens to you in the PAST. STYLE OF LIFE is most reliably REVEALED by
early recollections
According to Adler, DREAMS
provide information for dealing with future problems.
According to Adler, HUMAN PERSONALITY is
shaped by people's interpretations of experiences
The ultimate GOAL of Adlerian THERAPY is to
increase social interest.
Research suggests that early recollections
may change during the course of psychotherapy
A major WEAKNESS of ADLER'S THEORY is that it
is not easily falsifiable.
He believed on perspective in INDIVIDUALITY
Alfred Adler
He belived that ONE INDIVIDUAL is UNIQUE to ONE ANOTHER
Alfred Adler
In what BIRTH ORDER is Alfred Adler
Second son
How many siblings does Alfred Adler have
4 boys and 2 girls
Alfred Adler was BORN in SUBURB of ______, AUSTRIA
Vienna
When Alfred Adler was born?
February 7, 1870
What DISEASE does Alfred Adler SUFFERED when he was YOUNG?
Rickets
When Alfred Adler broke up with Sigmund Freud?
1911
The one DYNAMIC FORCE behind people behavior is the _____ for success or _______
Striving, Superiority
PERSONALITY is ______ and _______.
Unified, Self-consistent
The VALUE of all HUMAN ACTIVITY must be seen from the VIEWPOINT of _____ _______.
Social interest
The SELF-CONSISTENT personality structure DEVELOPS into a viewpoint of _____ __ _____.
Style of life
____ __ _____ is MOLDED by people's CREATIVE POWER
Style of life
The SOURCE of all HUMAN STRIVING
Inferiority feelings
The idea that everyone is BORN with some PHYSICAL WEAKNESS where INCAPACITY or DISEASE is most likely to TAKE ROOT. The body tries to COMPENSATE for the WEAKNESS in ANOTHER AREA
Example: For those who cannot speak in public they will be good at writing
Organic inferiority
A REACTION PERCEIVED HELPLESSNESS/INFERIORITY- lashing out against inability to master something. This drives may be experienced as ANGER
Aggressive drive
Is a tendency attributed especially to the human FEMALE in the psychology of Alfred Adler to escape from the female ROLE by ASSUMING a MASCULINE role and by DOMINATING others broadly
Masculine protest
it means to move in a SELF-CENTERED manner, seeking to be SUPERIOR over others.
Example: Putting a maximum effort into a task I order to gain superior level
Superiority striving
If the person FAILS to move to superiority, the person STAGNATES and DEVELOPS an EXAGGERATED sense of INFERIORITY. way or REPRESSING INFERIORITY it can be result to lack of confidence in own ability to do well.
inferiority complex
Is the person's CONSISTENT WAY of STRIVING
Study of life
These people are characterized early on by a tendency to be generally AGGRESSIVE and DOMINANT over OTHERS, possessing an INTENSE ENERGY that overwhelms anything or anybody who gets in their way
Rulling type
DEPENDENT people who take rather than give. Lean on others. or Those individuals who DEPENDS to INDIVIDUAL
Getting type
people who try to ESCAPE life's problems and take little part in socially constructive activity. They DO NOT try to deal with problems and AVOID possibility of DEFENT
Avoiding type
it occurs when individuals are EXCESSIVELY indulged or PAMPERED, leading to a SENSE of ENTITLEMENT and DEPENDENCY.
spoiling
a child who RECEIVES EVERYTHING they desire WITHOUT having to work for it may DEVELOP a sense of ENTITLEMENT and STRUGGLE with FEELING of INFERIORITY when FACED with CHALLENGES that require effort or perseverance is an example of
spoiling
is characterized by constant feelings of INADEQUACY or INSECURITY in your DAILY LIFE due to a BELIEF that you are PHYSICALLY or MENTALLY INFERIOR to others,
Inferiority complex
refers to the LACK of ATTENTION, CARE, or nurturing provided to individuals, which can CONTRIBUTE to FEELINGS of INFERIORITY and LOW SELF-ESTEEM.
neglecting
parents FAIL to PROVIDE emotional support or guidance to their children, leaving them feeling UNIMPORANT or UNDERVALUED compared to others who receive more attention and affirmation.
neglecting
He work on the CONTRIBUTION of PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS to ILLNESS and CURE
Alfred adler
What is the title of Adler first book?
A Study of Organ Inferiority and its Psychical Compensation
When the first book of Adler titled A Study of Organ Inferiority and its Psychical Compensation was published?
1907
People's SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTIONS SHAPE their _______ and _______.
behavior and personality
Female who choosing MALE-DOMINATED CARREERS or HOBBIES in order to PROVE their ABILITIES and GAIN sense of EQUALITY is an example of
masculine protest
An example of this is you want to be superior and take care everything
Rulling type
Emphasized that PHYSICAL DEFICIENCIES do NOT CAUSE a particular STYLE of LIFE; they simple PROVIDE PRESENT MOTIVATION for reaching FUTURE GOALS. Such motivation, like all aspects of personality, its unified and self-consistent
Physical inferiorities
it is the only GAUGE to be USED in JUDGING the WORTH of a person
Social interest
According to Alfed Adler present behavior is SHAPED by
people's view in the future
People who POSSESS SOCIAL INTEREST are
psychologically mature
IMMATURE people LACK SOCIAL INTEREST are _______ and STRIVE for personal powers over others
self-centered
It places them in CONTROL of their OWN LIVES, and is RESPONSIBLE for their FINAL GOAL, And also it makes each person a FREE INDIVIDUAL
Creative power
- It set their GOALS too HIGH
- They live in their OWN PRIVATE WORLD
- Have a RIGID and DOGMANTIC style of life
neurotics
these are protective devices that makes enable people to HIDE their INFLATED SELF-IMAGE and to MAINTAIN their CURRENT style of life
Safeguarding tendencies
OVERVALUE YOURS and UNDERVALUE OTHERS such as criticism and gossips
depreciation
involves BLAMING OTHERS or EXTERNAL CIRCUMSTANCES for ONE'E own SHORTCOMINGS or FAILURES. It's a psychological defense mechanism used to PROTECT or SECURE ONE's SELF-ESTEEM or avoid confronting personal responsibility
accusation
similar to accusation but INVOLVES BLAMING ONESELF for perceived shortcomings or failures. It can stem from feelings of guilt, shame, or low self-esteem.
self-accusation
Marked by SELF-TORTURE including masochism, depression, and suicide, as means of nurturing people who are close to them. This is marked by SELF-TORTURE and GUILT
self-accusation
Adler believed that the PSYCHIC LIFE of WOMEN is essentially SAME as that of MEN and that a male is DOMINATED SOCIETY is NOT NATURAL but rather an ARTIFICIAL PRODUCT of HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
masculine protest
For FREUD, the final goal was indeed DEATH On the other hand, ALFRED ADLER was the STRIVING for SUCCESS or SUPERIORITY. According to Adler, individuals are driven by a desire to overcome feelings of inferiority and achieve a sense of significance and competence in their lives. This striving for superiority, rather than a death instinct, was the central theme in Adler's theory of personality.
BOTH STATEMENTS ARE TRUE
As a young boy, Adler was weak and sickly, and at age 5, he nearly died of pneumonia.
true
According to Alfred Adler PERSONALITY is ________ and _______________
unified and self-consistent.
what is the FIRST TENET of Adlerian theory
The one dynamic force behind people’s behavior is the striving for success or superiority.
__________ is an EXPLANATION of BEHAVIOR in TERMS of its FINAL PURPOSE or aim. This is usually CONCERNEDwith FUTURE GOALS or ends,
Teleology
SUBJECTIE VIEW of the world - not reality- SHAPES their BEHAVIOR and PERSONALITY
Subjective Perceptions
_________, which considers BEHAVIOR as SPRINGING from a specific CAUSE. This is ordinarily DEALS with PAST EXPERIENCES that PRODUCE some PRESENT EFFECT
causality
- STIMULATE SUBJECTIVE feelings of INFERIORITY and MOVE people toward PERFECTION or COMPLETION
- "ALL HUMAN are BLESSED"
Physical Inferiorities
What is the Alfred Adler SECOND TENET?
People’s subjective perceptions shape their behavior and personality.
What is Alfred Adler's THIRD TENET?
Personality is unified and self- consistent.
(1) Alfred Adler was ORIGINAL MEMBER of Freud's PSYCHOANALYTIC GROUP.
(2) Adler's view was OPTIMISTIC, IDEALISTIC, and ROOTED in FAMILY experiences
BOTH STATEMENTS ARE TRUE
- Using INFERIORITY to make JUSTIFICATION
- People often use a PHYSICAL DISORDER to EXPRESS style of life, a condition Adler called __________, or ORGAN JARGON
Organ Dialect
For FREUD unconscious and conscious is like an ICE BERG conscious, preconscious,unconscious. whereas for ADLER, has only ONE GOAL and UNIFIED
BOTH STATEMENTS ARE CORRECT
Style of life is partially a product of heredity and environment. it is also the BUILDING BLOCKS of PERSONALITY. it has the ABILITY to DECIDE the future or to FREELY CHOOSE a course of ACTION
Creative power
people are BORN with SMALL,INFERIOR bodies, they feel inferior and attempt to OVERCOME these feelings through their natural tendency to move toward COMPLETION
The Striving Force as Compensation
Both normal and neurotic people create symptoms as a means of protecting their fragile self-esteem. These _____________ ___________ MAINTAIN a NEUROTIC life style and PROTECT a person FROM PUBLIC DISGRACE.
Safeguarding tendencies
are likely to have STRONG feelings of POWER and SUPERIORITY. to be overprotective, and to have MORE than their share of ANXIETY.
First born
This indivdual such as ADLER are likely to have a STRONG SOCIAL INTEREST, provided they do not get trapped trying to overcome their older sibling.
Second born
This individual is usually PAMPERED and LACK of INDEPENDENCE
Youngest children
The MATURED ONES
Only child
which ALLOW people to PRESERVE their INFLATED SENSE of PERSONAL WORTH. __________ involve JUSTIFYING FAILURES or SHORTCOMINGS, like BLAMING circumstances rather than taking responsibility.
Example: "I didn't get the job because the interviewer was biased."
Excuses
which may take the FORM of DEPRECIATING others' ACCOMPLISTMENTS, ACCUSING others of being responsible for one's own failures, or SELF-ACCUSATION. ___________ involves attacking others to feel superior or avoid feeling inferior. Example: Insulting a colleague who received praise for their work
Aggression
moving BACKWARD, STANDING STILL, HESITATING or CONSTRUCTING OBSTACLES. _________ involves AVOIDING challenges or situations that may reveal inadequacy.
Example: Declining to participate in a competition to avoid potential failure.
Withdrawal
DESIRABILITY of being MANLY. Freud was still asking what women wanted. According to Adler, Freud's attitudes toward women would be evidence of a person with a strong _________ ________.
Masculine protest
What are the FOUR MAJOR LIFESTYLE TYPES?
Rulling type, Getting type, Avoiding type, Socially useful type
person who STRIVES for personal SUPERIORITY by trying to EXPLOIT and CONTROL others.
Rulling type
person who attains personal goals by RELYING indiscriminately on others for HELP.
Getting type
person who ACTIVELY and COURAGEOUSLY CONFRONTS and solves his or her problems in ACCORDANCE with SOCIAL INTEREST
Socially useful type
Adler believed that people's perception of how they FIT into their FAMILY is RELATED to their STYLE of LIFE.
Family Constellation
Adler believed that ________ can provide CLUES to SOLVING FUTURE PROBLEMS. However, dreams are disguised to deceive the dreamer and usually must be interpreted by another person.
Dreams