History - WWII, Fall of Singapore & Kokoda

What were the Causes of WW2

TREATY OF VERSALLIES
Germany had to sign a treay in 1919 which stated:
- disarm their army, nay and airforce
- give away its colonises to France and UK
- Reparations: 6.6 million euros
- War guilt clause

RISE OF THE NAZISM
Adolf Hitler assmebled a group called Natioanl Socialist Party(Nazi Party)
Main beliefs were:
- Germany needs more land
- Treaty of Versallies was too harsh
- Certain groups were superior to others
- Germany should be ruled by one leader

POLCIY OF APPEASEMENT
British Prime Minsiter, Neville Chamberlain visited Hitler and came away from the meeting and made a speech saying he had made a deal whihc would cause peace for out time, the policy backfired and made hitler bolder.

ALLIANCES
Alliance
- UK
- USA
- France
- Russia (USSR)
- Australia and NZ

Axis Powers
- Germany
- Italy
- Japan

Why was Australia Involved?

Australia was loyal to the British Empire and a foegin policy of Britian applied to Australia aswell
If Britian went to war, so did Australia

Where did Asutralians Fight?

- Middle East
- North Africa
- Papua New Guinea
- Asia
- Europe
- Pacific
- Australia

Why did Australians enlist to fight?

- Nationalism: pride on ones country
- Patriotic duty
- Regular Payment

Why was defending Singapore significant to Australia?

British Prime Minster, Winston Churchill had a imprentranle fortess sent up in Singapore that was importsnt to British influnece in Asia and stated that if it were under attack, it was to be defended until the last man

When did the Battle of Singapore begin?

Februray 8th 1942

Why did the battle of Singapore begin?

The japanese advanced from Malaya and resched Johore Strait which separated Malaya and Singapore, they cut off the water supply

What happened on the 7th of December 1941

the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and invaded South East Asia and took control of Indochina(present day Vietnam and Cambodia)

When did the Battle of Singapore end?

On February 15th 1942, British Lieutenant General Arthur Percival surrended and thousand of British and Australian troops became POWS

What did the Fall of Singapore make Australia realise?

Fall of Singapore made Australia realise, Britian didn't have their best interst at heart as they were occupied with the European War

What did the Fall of Singapore mean to Australia?

Australia was under the risk if Invasion by the Japanese

What happeened on February 19th 1942?

The Japanese bombee Darwin and this led to the invasion of Sydney Habour where the japanese used submarines to invade

What were the Conditions of the Kokoda Track?

What was Japanese objective of Kokoda?

Take Port Moresby by land and this woukd give them control of Papua and a base from which to attack the Australian mainland and import from US

What was Australia's objective of Port Morseby?

Hold back the japanese forces from taking over Port Morseby as it was vital to the defence of Australia

What were the experiences of the Australians and Japanese?

- both sides had to combat terriable environmental conditions as the region experiences extreme heat and rainfall
- food shortages and communications were diffcult
- sheer mental and physical exhaustion of fighting thei new type of warefare
- carrying wouded and sick soilders on stretchers
- some wouded has to walk the track

Why was Australia important to America

If America wanted to lauch a couteroffensive against the Japnese, they were able to use Australia to retailate back. Australia became a military base for America

When did the battle of Kokoda begin?

21st of July 1942

When did the battle of Kokoda end?

Mid- November 1942

Who was Winston Churchill?

British Prime Minister

Who was John Curtin?

Australian Prime Minster

Who was General MacArthur?

Who did Australia rely on?

USA

How did the local Papuans help Australians?

cared for the retreating wouded Australian soikders who nicknamed rhem Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels