Ethics
Comes from the Greek word Ethos which means custom or moral.
Ethics
Studies of righteousness and wrongness of human action
Ethos
_____ states that soul matters more
PLATO
applied ethical issue deals with controversies like surrogate mothering genetic manipulation of fetuses, and stem cell research.
Bioethics
study the very foundation of morality itself
Metaethics
Different meta ethical views
Moral realism/moral antirealism
Belief that there are Moral Facts, in the same way that there are scientific facts.
Moral Realism
Moral Realism can either be...
MORAL ABSOLUTSM/MORAL RELATIVISM
More than one moral position on a given topic can be correct. *open - minded*
Moral Relativism
people's moral beliefs differ from culture to culture
Descriptive cultural Relativism
examines moral principles concerning the business environment, which involves issues about corporate practices and policies
Business ethics
Branch of philosophy that studies morality or brightness and wrongness of human conduct
Ethics
Comes from the Latin MORES referring to society's PATTERNS, STANDARDS AND Rules of doing
moral
it must be done freely
freedom
it must be done voluntarily
Voluntariness (willingness)
an act is ______ intended when it is done with aim, purpose, or goal of attaining a result
voluntary act
done voluntarily without care or precaution in avoiding the happening of a foreseeable event
Negligent act
refers to being too isolated versus too much coordination
autonomy
if units and roles are tightly linked, people are distracted from work and want time on unnecessary or too much coordination
interdependence
Actions merely happen in the body without the awareness of mind
Act of human
determinants of morality
object of the act
the vendor purpose
it's circumstances
is the intention of the acting or what inspires the acting subjects
end or the purpose
do good and void evil
it is what directs our conscience and if applied with reasons to a situation will lead to the right outcome
Natural law
someone who mastered the art of being a person.
virtuous person
midpoint between 2 extremes which Aristotle called vices
Is just the right amount
Virtue
the sweet spot between the extreme of excess and the extreme of deficiences. Balance,
Golden mean
a life we'll lived. human flourishing.
Eudaimonia
A biological term
Human
one is a person if one has human DNA; not a person without it
genetics
consciuousness, reasoning, self-motivated, capacity to communicate, and self-awareness
cognitive
personhood comes in degrees, and you cannot have more or less of it.
Gradient theory
Giving what is due to others
Justice
is giving even more than what is due to others
Love
3 well known concepts of love (greeks)
Agape
Erotic
Philia
affection between friends
Philia
is promotion of the common good
giving everyone equal access to wealth, opportunities, and privileges in society
social justice
these are commands you must follow, regardless of your desires.
moral obligations are derived from pure reason
Categorical imperatives/rules
is just a rule or principle of actions and the universal law is something that must always be done in similar situations
Maxim
act only according to that maxim which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law without ontradiction
the universalizability principle
act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of a another always as an end, and as meremeans
form una of humanity
to use it only for your own benefit, with no thought to the interest orbeeft if thing you're using
mere means
domains of applied ethics
business ethics
clinical ethics
organizational ethics
social ethics
attempts to apply ethical principles and moral theories to real life moral issues. deals with ethical question specific to practical fields
applied ethics
focus from the means "the end does not justify the means"
holds that brightness or wrongness of an action or rule depends on sense of duty, natural law, virtue, and demand of the situation or cicumstances
Deontological
according to _________, natural law is the law ofGod revealed through human reason. It is the law of God written in the hearts of men. the rule says that do good and avoid evil
St. Thomas Aquinas
according to him, virtue ethics is what moral is what a virtuous person does. one attains virtue when he/she actualize his/her potential or possibilities, the highest of which is happiness
Virtue ethics
the brightness or wrongness of he act depends on the situation or circumstances requiring or demanding exception to rule
situation ethicsby aristotle
result in unnesarry and counterproductive, redundant procedures which ultimately lead to waste of resources
Overlaps