birth

Which part of the adrenal gland is responsible for the secretion of catecholamines?

Adrenal medulla

What happens to progesterone and estrogen levels during chronic stress?

They decrease

What is a potential effect of chronic stress on the immune system?

Increased susceptibility to infection

What is the effect of stress on the gastrointestinal tract in the acute response?

Changes in production and secretion of saliva

Which hormone is released by CRH-neurons in response to stress?

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

What is the chronic response of the cardiovascular system to stress?

Hypertension

What is the primary function of cortisol in response to stress?

Increase glucose availability

What is the effect of glucocorticoids in the periphery?

Enhance glucose production

Increase heart rate

Provide amino acids for gluconeogenesis

Stimulate growth hormone release

What is a chronic response of the gastrointestinal tract to stress?

GIT dysfunction

What is the role of the sympatho-adrenal system during stress?

Induces midriasis

What effect do catecholamines have in the periphery?

Enhance glucose production rapidly

What is a symptom of neuropsychiatric disorders following trauma?

Emotionally painful memories

What is the effect of glucocorticoids in the CNS?

Bind to glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors

What is the effect of stress on the reproductive system?

Irregular menstruation

What is a common acute response of the cardiovascular system to stress?

Increased heart rate

What is the role of norepinephrine in the stress response?

Increases CRH release

What can high levels of cortisol in pregnant women affect?

Developing fetus brain

What is the relationship between CRH and adrenergic discharge?

CRH enhances adrenergic discharge

What hormone is primarily released by the adrenal glands in response to stress?

Cortisol