birth
Which part of the adrenal gland is responsible for the secretion of catecholamines?
Adrenal medulla
What happens to progesterone and estrogen levels during chronic stress?
They decrease
What is a potential effect of chronic stress on the immune system?
Increased susceptibility to infection
What is the effect of stress on the gastrointestinal tract in the acute response?
Changes in production and secretion of saliva
Which hormone is released by CRH-neurons in response to stress?
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
What is the chronic response of the cardiovascular system to stress?
Hypertension
What is the primary function of cortisol in response to stress?
Increase glucose availability
What is the effect of glucocorticoids in the periphery?
Enhance glucose production
Increase heart rate
Provide amino acids for gluconeogenesis
Stimulate growth hormone release
What is a chronic response of the gastrointestinal tract to stress?
GIT dysfunction
What is the role of the sympatho-adrenal system during stress?
Induces midriasis
What effect do catecholamines have in the periphery?
Enhance glucose production rapidly
What is a symptom of neuropsychiatric disorders following trauma?
Emotionally painful memories
What is the effect of glucocorticoids in the CNS?
Bind to glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors
What is the effect of stress on the reproductive system?
Irregular menstruation
What is a common acute response of the cardiovascular system to stress?
Increased heart rate
What is the role of norepinephrine in the stress response?
Increases CRH release
What can high levels of cortisol in pregnant women affect?
Developing fetus brain
What is the relationship between CRH and adrenergic discharge?
CRH enhances adrenergic discharge
What hormone is primarily released by the adrenal glands in response to stress?
Cortisol