DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
When did the ancient NEGROID people FIRST INHABIT the country?
25,000 BC
What was the term used to describe the FIRST ANCIENT people who INHABITED the country? and what ACTIVITIES they engaged in?
Negroid; Hunting and planting
Which of the following best describes the PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS of the ANCIENT NEGROID people?
Short, black skin, kinky hair
Which GROUP of people MIGRATED and REACHED LUZON?
Negritos
Where did the NEGRITOS REACH after their migration?
Luzon
What practice did the NEGRITOS adopt during their time?
Farming and agriculture
What type of TOOLS did the NEGRITOS use for HUNTING and other activities?
Bows, arrows, and stone tools
In which period did the SEAFARING MALAYS arrive in the Philippines?
New Stone Age
When did the SEAFARING MALAYS from INDONESIA arrive in the Philippines?
5000 to 3000 BC
How did the SEAFARING MALAYS come to the Philippines, and what did they bring?
By boat, bringing polished stone tools
What were the PHYSICAL characteristics of the FIRST WAVE of SEAFARING MALAYS?
Tall, fair skin, slender bodies, and deep-set eyes
When did the SECOND WAVE of INDONESIANS arrive in the Philippines?
3000 – 1000 BC
Before migrating to the Philippines, where did the SECOND WAVE of INDONESIANS SETTLE ?
Papua New Guinea
What SKILLS and techniques did the SECOND WAVE of INDONESIANS INTRODUCE to the Philippines?
Boat building, cloth making, pottery, planting, cooking, and fire making
What were the PHYSICAL characteristics of the SECOND WAVE of INDONESIANS?
Dark skin and sturdy bodies
When did the MALAYS FIRST arrive in the Philippines in THREE WAVES?
200 BC
Where did the FIRST WAVE of MALAYS FROM BORNEO SETTLE in the Philippines?
Mountainous areas of Luzon
What did the FIRST WAVE of MALAYS practice or INTRODUCE when they arrived in the Philippines?
Pagan beliefs and religious songs
The FIRST WAVE of MALAYS became the ANCESTORS of which groups?
Igorots, Bontocs, and Tingguians
In which period did the SECOND WAVE of MALAYS arrive in the Philippines?
Iron Age
When did the SECOND WAVE of MALAYS come to the Philippines?
200 BC to 1000 AD
What did the SECOND WAVE of MALAYS introduce when they arrived in the Philippines?
Language, alphabets, folktales, origin myths, animist religion, and jar burial
What body modification PRACTICES were observed during the IRON AGE in the Philippines?
Body tattooing, teeth filling and blackening, wrapped with gold
In which PERIOD did the CHINESE MIGRATE to the Philippines?
Porcelain Age
When did the PORCELAIN AGE OCCUR?
1000 AD to 1200 AD
During which period did TRADING with ARABIA, INDIA, CHINA, and EUROPE BEGIN?
Porcelain Age
Where did the CHINESE MIGRANTS SETTLE in the Philippines during the PORCELAIN AGE?
Batangas, Quezon, Sorsogon, Samar, Marinduque, Mindoro, and Eastern Mindanao
What CONTRIBUTIONS did the CHINESE make to Filipino culture during the PORCELAIN AGE?
Close family ties, respect for elders, Chinese vocabulary, trading, and religious beliefs
When did the INDIES MIGRANTS from Borneo arrive and spread their influence in the Philippines?
1200 to 1500 AD
What did the INDIES MIGRANTS from Borneo BRING to the SOUTHERN PART of the Philippines?
Buddhism
Where did the SECOND WAVE of INDIES MIGRANTS COME FROM?
Java and Borneo
Which EMPIRE from JAVA became INFLUENTIAL in some parts of the Philippine ARCHIPELAGO during this period?
Majapahit Empire
When did ARABS and PERSIANS come to the Philippines?
1300 to 1400 AD
What CULTURAL elements did the ARABS and PERSIANS bring with them to the Philippines?
Islam faith, epics, folktales, origin myths, and drama
What did the ARABS and PERSIANS PROPAGATE in the SOUTHERN PART of the Philippines?
Islam faith
In what year was the MUSLIM SULTANATE of JOLO ESTABLISHED?
1450
In what year was the MUSLIM SULTANATE of MAGUINDANAO founded in MINDANAO?
1475
Which of the following LITERARY FORMS was MANIFESTED in the different regions of the Philippines?
Epics, origins, myths, fables, folktales, proverbs, sayings, riddles, and stories
In what year did the SPANIARDS ARRIVE in the Philippines, leading to significant cultural changes?
1521
What WRITING SYSTEM was REPLACED by the ROMAN ALPHABET brought by the SPANIARDS?
Alibata
What significant development in LITERATURE OCCURRED after the arrival of the SPANIARDS?
Printing of books started
What was the FIRST BOOK PRINTED in the Philippines?
Doctrina Christiana
Which of the following literary forms were ADDED to the PHILIPPINE LITERATURE during the SPANISH PERIOD?
Origin myths, songs, corridor, moro-moro, cenaculo, zarzuela, and other European culture and traditions
In what year did the AMERICAN PERIOD BEGIN, leading to the FLOURISHING OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE?
1898
What did most of the READING MATERIALS PRINTED during the AMERICAN PERIOD express?
Filipino people’s sentiments and daily life experiences in the hands of the oppressors
What significant FREEDOM given to FILIPINOS GREATLY INFLUENCED the LITERARY FORMS during the AMERICAN period?
Freedom of the press and freedom of religion
How did the TONE and THEME of LITERATURE CHANGE during the AMERICAN PERIOD?
Changed from religious to more personal and satirical mood
Which ORGANIZATION was formed to promote FILIPINO LITERATURE during the AMERICAN PERIOD?
Samahan ng Mananagalog
What was the AIM of the ORGANIZATIONS FORMED during the AMERICAN PERIOD regarding FILIPINO WRITERS?
To encourage Filipino writers to explore and enhance their craft in writing
In what year did the ENGLISH LANGUAGE become the OFFICIAL MEDIUM of INSTRUCTION in the Philippines?
1900
What significant CHANGE occurred in the PHILIPPINE EDUCATION SYSTEM in 1900?
English language became the official medium of instruction
Who were the FIRST AMERICAN TEACHERS in the Philippines?
The Thomasites
When was THE COLLEGE FOLIO published in the UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
1910
What year did the PHILIPPINE HERALD BEGIN PUBLICATION?
1920
In what year was the FIRST FILIPINO NOVEL in ENGLISH, “A CHILD OF SORROW,” written by Zoilo M. Galang?
1921
What is the title of the FIRST FILIPINO NOVEL in ENGLISH?
A Child of Sorrow
What is the title of the FIRST VOLUME of ESSAYS in ENGLISH published by ZOILO M. GALANG?
Life and Success
In what year was the Philippine EDUCATION MAGAZINE STARTED?
1924
What significant EVENT OCCURRED in 1925 related to the PHILIPPINE FREE PRESS?
It offered literary prizes
When was the WRITERS CLUB founded at the University of the Philippines?
1927
In what year was the PHILIPPINE BOOK GUILD organized?
1936
What significant AWARDS were given for the FIRST TIME in 1940?
The First Commonwealth Literary Awards
In what year was the development of PHILIPPINE LITERATURE DISRUPTED due to JAPAN'S OCCUPATION of MANILA?
1942
What caused the DISRUPTION OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE in 1942?
The proclamation of Martial Law by Japan
Who STOPPED the circulation of NEWSPAPERS and OTHER READING MATERIALS WRITTEn in ENGLISH during the occupation?
The Japanese authorities
What did the FILIPINO WRITERS ASSOCIATIOn CONSIDER the JAPANESE PERIOD?
The Golden Era
In what year were 25 GOLDEN STORIES SELECTED and PUBLISHED?
1943
What was the PRIMARY FOCUS of FILIPINO WRITERS' WORKS during the JAPANESE PERIOD?
Rural life
In which PUBLICATION were LITERARY WORKS FEATURED during JAPANESE time?
Liwayway
What is one significant LITERARY CONTRIBUTION of JAPAN to Philippine LITERATURE?
Haiku
What event in 1946 is considered a TURNING POINT in the development of Philippine literature?
The fall of Japan
Who PROCLAIMED MARTIAL LAW, leading to the oppression of PRESS FREEDOM?
President Marcos
What INSTITUTIONS were built to highlight FILIPINO LITERARY, MUSICAL, and CULTURAL HERITAGE?
Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and Folk Arts Theater
What CHED memorandum emphasizes the TEACHING of VERNACULAR LITERATURE in TERTIARY SCHOOLS?
CHED Memo #59