proteins
what functions do
proteins serve
catalyzing chemical reavrions
providing structural support
transporting substanves im the body
ensbling organisms to move
regulating cellular processes
providing defence from disease
name some of the proteins
amylase, hemoglobin, fibrin, collagen, actin, growth hormone, potassium channels, insulin
what is a protein?
a macromolecule composed of amino acid monomers joined by a peptide bond
what four grouos of atoms does an amino acid bond to?
hydrogen, amino group, carboxyl, r group
how many proteins can not be produced by the human body?
8-10
what is a polypeptide?
a polymer composed of many amino acids linked together
what are the four levels of protein?
primary, secondary, teritary, quaternary
define primary structure
linesr sequence of amino acuds
define secondsry structure
peptide bonds are polar
so h-bond occurs
polypeptides form coil
like shape caleld alpha helix or a folded fan shape called beta pleated sheet
what level do alpha helix shape forms
secondary
what happens on tertiary?
complex process of folding
most occur naturally by peptide bonds and sifferent R groups interact
happens by hydrophobic effect
may involve assistance of proteins called molecular chaperones
what happens in quaternary
made up combinaiton of polypeptides each with their own primary secondsry and tertiary atructures
what is denaturation
under certain conditions(extreme tempersture) proteins can unfold
once a protein unfolds it no lomger has its function
what two functional group do all amino acids have in common?
amino and carboxyl
what is the significance of the r group
all amino acids have the smae structure so the disctinvtive shape and properties come from the r group
wxplain why proteins are more steucutally and funftionallt diverse than carbohydrates and lipids
because rhere are 20
amino acids which results in way more possibilites for unique chains
what is hemoglobin?
carries oxygen in our blood
whay is collagen?
givea structure and supports pur slim, tendon and even bones
what is potassium channels
helps send signals theough the brain and other nerve cells
what is insulin
refulates the amount of sugar in the blood and is used to treat diabieyes
what is fibrin
forms a scan to protect cuts as they heal
what is alchoo dehydroganse
transforms alcohol into a non-todic form that the body ises for food
how many amino acids are thete
20