INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY
The ROOT of BIOLOGY is _______
science
is a KNOWLEDGE and PROCESS or INTELLECTUAL ACITVITY
Science
What are THREE MAJOR CATEGORIES of SCIENCE?
Social sciences, Applied sciences, Natural sciences
Social science, applied science, and natural science
social sciences, applied sciences, and natural sciences
social, applied, and natural sciences
What are the TWO TYPES of NATURAL SCIENCES?
Physical science and Biological science
is the STUDY of parasitic WORMS (HELMINTHS)
Helminthology
scientific STUDY of FISHES
Ichthyology
The STUDY of INSECTS
Entomology
The STUDY of FUNGI
Mycology
STUDY of ALGAE
Phycology
The STUDY of DISEASES
Pathology
This is the COMBINATION of BIOLOGY and CHEMISTRY
Biochemistry
What are the TWO TYPES of COMPOUNDS
inorganic and organic
inorganic compounds and organic compounds
It has NO PRESENCE of CARBON, ASSOCIATE in NON-LIVING THINGS. And often involve METALS and NONMETALS
Example: acids, calamansi
Inorganic compounds
it has a PRESENCE of CARBON. associate with LIVING THINGS. are primarily COMPOSED of CARBON ATOMS BONDED to HYDROGEN ATOMS and other elements like OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, and HALOGENS.
Organic compounds
Transfer of ELECTRONS from a METAL to a NONMETAL, FORMING IONS attracted to each other.
Example: SODIUM CHLORIDE (table salt).
SODIUM cations (POSITIVE charged ions) and CHLORINE anions (NEGATIVELY charged ions) are connected via ionic bonds in sodium chloride, or table salt.
Ionic bonding
WEAK attraction between a HYDROGEN atom BONDED to a HIGHLY ELECTRONEGATIVE atom (e.g., OXYGEN,NITROGEN,FLUORINE) and another ELECTRONEGATIVE atom. Example: WATER MOLECULES bonding to each other.
Hydrogen bonding
SHARINF of ELECTRONS between ATOMS to ACHIEVE a STABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION.
Example: METHANE (CH4), where each hydrogen shares its electron with carbon.
Covalent bonding
_______ release HYDROXIDE IONS (OH-) when dissolved in water
Bases
______ release HYDROGEN ions (H+) when dissolved in water,
Acids
What are the EXAMPLES of ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES
Lipids, proteins, nucleic acid and carbohydrates
He is the FATHER of MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY.
Hermann Staudinger
was a German organic chemist who DEMONSTRATED the EXISTENCE of MACROMOLECULES, which he CHARACTERIZED as POLYMERS.
Hermann Staudinger
Is a SMALL UNIT that MAKE UP POLYMER
Monomers
Is a LARGE MOLECULE which COMBINATION of TWO or MORE MONOMERS
Polymers
What is the MONOMER of PROTEIN (POLYMER)
Amino acids
is a process when we COMBINE TWO or MORE MONOMERS (smaller molecules) to FORM POLYMER (large molecules). by removing a water molecule between the molecules being joined. This RESULTS in the FORMATION of a COVALENT BOND between the molecules.
Dehydration synthesis
is a process when you BREAK DOWN POLYMERS to a SIMPLE MONOMER
Hydrolysis
the BASIC UNIT of LIFE
cell
it means life started to SIMPLE to COMPLEX. It has a certain LEVEL of COMPLEXITY.
Complex organization
complex organization is always START in SMALL _______ that can form _________ next is _____ next is _______comprises ______next is _____ ______ like nerves, next is ________ then ________ next is ________ and next is ________.
atom, molecules, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, ecosystem, biosphere
What are the TWO MAIN TYPES of REPRODUCTION?
Sexual reproduction and Asexual reproduction
sexual and asexual
sexual and asexual reproduction
asexual and sexual reproduction
type of reproduction that REQUIRED TWO CELLS from TWO PARENTS
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
type of reproduction that does NOT REQUIRED TWO PARENTS
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
ENERGY FORMATION. the SUM TOTAL of all CHEMICAL PROCESSES happens in an organism that PROVIDE ENERGY
METABOLISM
what are the TWO TYPES of METABOLISM?
Catabolism and anabolism
Anabolism and catabolism
anabolism, catabolism
catabolism, anabolism
refers to the metabolic processes in which COMPLEX molecules are BROKEN DOWN into SIMPLER ones, RELEASING ENERGY.It involves the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones. A PROCESS of DIGESTION: It is involved in the breakdown of nutrients for energy production and the removal of waste products from the body.
CATABOLISM
refers to the metabolic processes in which complex molecules are SYNTHESIZED from simpler ones, REQUIRING ENERGY INPUT. It INVOLVES the BUILDING of LARGER MOLECULES from smaller ones.
ANABOLISM
It refers to the ABILITY of an ORGANISM to TRANSFER. or refers to the ability of organisms to change position or location.
MOVEMENT
what are the TWO TYPES of MOVEMENT?
PHOTOTROPISM AND PHOTOAXIS
phototropism and photoaxis
photoaxis and phototropism
phototropism, photoaxis
is a type of movement refers to the GROWTH or MOVEMENT of a PLANT in RESPONSE to LIGHT. Typically, plant shoots exhibit POSITIVE phototropism, growing TOWARDS LIGHT, while roots exhibit NEGATIVE phototropism, growing AWAY from LIGHT. it is because of GROWTH
example: sunflower
Phototropism
is a type of movement refers to the MOVEMENT of an ORGANISM in response to LIGHT. It because of STIMULUS.
example: MOTH (gamo gamo) FLYING TOWARDS a LIGHT source at NIGHT.
Phototaxis
it refers to to the increase in size or complexity of an organism over time. GROWTH in LIVING THINGS involves an INCREASE EXTERNAL in SIZE or mass. For example, a baby growing into an adult or a seed germinating into a mature plant represents growth. DEVELOPMENT involves the process OF EXTERNAL GROWTH example/; PUBERTY
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
ability of organism to RESPONSE to STIMULUS. Essentially, it's about being aware of and reacting to what's happening around them.
EXAMPLE: when you touch a hot surface and quickly withdraw your hand, that's your body's sensitivity responding to the stimulus of heat to prevent injury.
SENSITIVITY
refers to ABILITY to MAINTAIN or BALANCE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT conditions despite changes in the external environment
EXAMPLE: when you sweat to cool down your body temperature on a hot day, or when your body releases insulin to regulate blood sugar levels after a meal, it's all part of maintaining homeostasis.
HOMEOSTATIS
refers to ADJUSTMENT of ORGANISM to ACHIEVE BALANCE or ability to adjust to their environment over time to increase their chances of survival and reproduction. It involves traits or behaviors that improve an organism's fitness in its environment.
EXAMPLE: the long neck of a giraffe allows it to reach leaves high up in trees, an adaptation that evolved to help it find food in its habitat.
ADAPTION
Which of the following describes DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS?
Forms covalent bond.
Which of the following is not formed by DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS?
Galactose
is an ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE LAYER of PLANT CELL WALL
Cellulose
The REPEATING UNITS of INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES in which MOST of the ORGANIC MOLECULES are made of
Monomer
STUDY of DRUGS
pharmacology
is the STUDY of the normal FUNCTIONS and PROCESSES of LIVING ORGANISMS and their parts.
Physiology
It is the study of birds
Ornithology
It is the study of reptiles and amphibians
Herpetology
It is the study of STRUCTURE and ORGANIZATIONS of living organisms.
Anatomy
is the STUDY of PLANTS
botany