INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

The ROOT of BIOLOGY is _______

science

is a KNOWLEDGE and PROCESS or INTELLECTUAL ACITVITY

Science

What are THREE MAJOR CATEGORIES of SCIENCE?

Social sciences, Applied sciences, Natural sciences

Social science, applied science, and natural science

social sciences, applied sciences, and natural sciences

social, applied, and natural sciences

What are the TWO TYPES of NATURAL SCIENCES?

Physical science and Biological science

is the STUDY of parasitic WORMS (HELMINTHS)

Helminthology

scientific STUDY of FISHES

Ichthyology

The STUDY of INSECTS

Entomology

The STUDY of FUNGI

Mycology

STUDY of ALGAE

Phycology

The STUDY of DISEASES

Pathology

This is the COMBINATION of BIOLOGY and CHEMISTRY

Biochemistry

What are the TWO TYPES of COMPOUNDS

inorganic and organic

inorganic compounds and organic compounds

It has NO PRESENCE of CARBON, ASSOCIATE in NON-LIVING THINGS. And often involve METALS and NONMETALS
Example: acids, calamansi

Inorganic compounds

it has a PRESENCE of CARBON. associate with LIVING THINGS. are primarily COMPOSED of CARBON ATOMS BONDED to HYDROGEN ATOMS and other elements like OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, and HALOGENS.

Organic compounds

Transfer of ELECTRONS from a METAL to a NONMETAL, FORMING IONS attracted to each other.
Example: SODIUM CHLORIDE (table salt).
SODIUM cations (POSITIVE charged ions) and CHLORINE anions (NEGATIVELY charged ions) are connected via ionic bonds in sodium chloride, or table salt.

Ionic bonding

WEAK attraction between a HYDROGEN atom BONDED to a HIGHLY ELECTRONEGATIVE atom (e.g., OXYGEN,NITROGEN,FLUORINE) and another ELECTRONEGATIVE atom. Example: WATER MOLECULES bonding to each other.

Hydrogen bonding

SHARINF of ELECTRONS between ATOMS to ACHIEVE a STABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION.
Example: METHANE (CH4), where each hydrogen shares its electron with carbon.

Covalent bonding

_______ release HYDROXIDE IONS (OH-) when dissolved in water

Bases

______ release HYDROGEN ions (H+) when dissolved in water,

Acids

What are the EXAMPLES of ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES

Lipids, proteins, nucleic acid and carbohydrates

He is the FATHER of MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY.

Hermann Staudinger

was a German organic chemist who DEMONSTRATED the EXISTENCE of MACROMOLECULES, which he CHARACTERIZED as POLYMERS.

Hermann Staudinger

Is a SMALL UNIT that MAKE UP POLYMER

Monomers

Is a LARGE MOLECULE which COMBINATION of TWO or MORE MONOMERS

Polymers

What is the MONOMER of PROTEIN (POLYMER)

Amino acids

is a process when we COMBINE TWO or MORE MONOMERS (smaller molecules) to FORM POLYMER (large molecules). by removing a water molecule between the molecules being joined. This RESULTS in the FORMATION of a COVALENT BOND between the molecules.

Dehydration synthesis

is a process when you BREAK DOWN POLYMERS to a SIMPLE MONOMER

Hydrolysis

the BASIC UNIT of LIFE

cell

it means life started to SIMPLE to COMPLEX. It has a certain LEVEL of COMPLEXITY.

Complex organization

complex organization is always START in SMALL _______ that can form _________ next is _____ next is _______comprises ______next is _____ ______ like nerves, next is ________ then ________ next is ________ and next is ________.

atom, molecules, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, ecosystem, biosphere

What are the TWO MAIN TYPES of REPRODUCTION?

Sexual reproduction and Asexual reproduction

sexual and asexual

sexual and asexual reproduction

asexual and sexual reproduction

type of reproduction that REQUIRED TWO CELLS from TWO PARENTS

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

type of reproduction that does NOT REQUIRED TWO PARENTS

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

ENERGY FORMATION. the SUM TOTAL of all CHEMICAL PROCESSES happens in an organism that PROVIDE ENERGY

METABOLISM

what are the TWO TYPES of METABOLISM?

Catabolism and anabolism

Anabolism and catabolism

anabolism, catabolism

catabolism, anabolism

refers to the metabolic processes in which COMPLEX molecules are BROKEN DOWN into SIMPLER ones, RELEASING ENERGY.It involves the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones. A PROCESS of DIGESTION: It is involved in the breakdown of nutrients for energy production and the removal of waste products from the body.

CATABOLISM

refers to the metabolic processes in which complex molecules are SYNTHESIZED from simpler ones, REQUIRING ENERGY INPUT. It INVOLVES the BUILDING of LARGER MOLECULES from smaller ones.

ANABOLISM

It refers to the ABILITY of an ORGANISM to TRANSFER. or refers to the ability of organisms to change position or location.

MOVEMENT

what are the TWO TYPES of MOVEMENT?

PHOTOTROPISM AND PHOTOAXIS

phototropism and photoaxis

photoaxis and phototropism

phototropism, photoaxis

is a type of movement refers to the GROWTH or MOVEMENT of a PLANT in RESPONSE to LIGHT. Typically, plant shoots exhibit POSITIVE phototropism, growing TOWARDS LIGHT, while roots exhibit NEGATIVE phototropism, growing AWAY from LIGHT. it is because of GROWTH
example: sunflower

Phototropism

is a type of movement refers to the MOVEMENT of an ORGANISM in response to LIGHT. It because of STIMULUS.
example: MOTH (gamo gamo) FLYING TOWARDS a LIGHT source at NIGHT.

Phototaxis

it refers to to the increase in size or complexity of an organism over time. GROWTH in LIVING THINGS involves an INCREASE EXTERNAL in SIZE or mass. For example, a baby growing into an adult or a seed germinating into a mature plant represents growth. DEVELOPMENT involves the process OF EXTERNAL GROWTH example/; PUBERTY

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

ability of organism to RESPONSE to STIMULUS. Essentially, it's about being aware of and reacting to what's happening around them.
EXAMPLE: when you touch a hot surface and quickly withdraw your hand, that's your body's sensitivity responding to the stimulus of heat to prevent injury.

SENSITIVITY

refers to ABILITY to MAINTAIN or BALANCE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT conditions despite changes in the external environment
EXAMPLE: when you sweat to cool down your body temperature on a hot day, or when your body releases insulin to regulate blood sugar levels after a meal, it's all part of maintaining homeostasis.

HOMEOSTATIS

refers to ADJUSTMENT of ORGANISM to ACHIEVE BALANCE or ability to adjust to their environment over time to increase their chances of survival and reproduction. It involves traits or behaviors that improve an organism's fitness in its environment.
EXAMPLE: the long neck of a giraffe allows it to reach leaves high up in trees, an adaptation that evolved to help it find food in its habitat.

ADAPTION

Which of the following describes DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS?

Forms covalent bond.

Which of the following is not formed by DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS?

Galactose

is an ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE LAYER of PLANT CELL WALL

Cellulose

The REPEATING UNITS of INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES in which MOST of the ORGANIC MOLECULES are made of

Monomer

STUDY of DRUGS

pharmacology

is the STUDY of the normal FUNCTIONS and PROCESSES of LIVING ORGANISMS and their parts.

Physiology

It is the study of birds

Ornithology

It is the study of reptiles and amphibians

Herpetology

It is the study of STRUCTURE and ORGANIZATIONS of living organisms.

Anatomy

is the STUDY of PLANTS

botany