OPTA 222 (Brain Injury)
BI Causes
Fall and Traffic accidents
Signs and Symptom
- Loss of consciousness
- Headache that persists or worsens
- Confusion
- Dilation of one or both pupils
- Spinal fluid coming out of ears or nose
- Seizures
- Loss of coordination
- Slurred speech
- Numbness in extremities
- Unusual behavior
Patho: Primary Damage
- Object hits face/head or vice versa
- Damage suffered can be to any area of the brain
- Lacerations of blood vessels within the brain or that feed the brain
- Contusions or lacerations can injure cranial nerves
- Diffuse axonal injury
- “bruising”
- Penetrating objects
Patho: Secondary Damage
- IIP- due to swelling or hematoma, can cause distortion because the brain is held in the skull, a rigid structure. So increased pressure can lead to herniation of parts of the brain or brainstem
- Hydrocephalus- when blood accumulates in the ventricular system, expanding the size of the ventricles causing increased pressure
- Cerebral hypoxia or ischemi, lack of blood to the brain or lack of oxygen from secondary to chest injuries
Intracranial hemorrhage-causing hypoxia to tissues fed by the hemorrhaging blood vessels as well as added pressure and distortion. Metabolic products from damaged cells and blood bathe the brain, cell death occurs iwthin minutes after injury from ischemia, edema, necrosis and toxic effects of blood on neural tissues
- Electorlyte imb.-caused by swelling and then bursting of the membrane or destruction from within the cell (apoptosis), can occur days, weeks or months after injury
- Infection- cause swelling and cell death
- Seizures-most common immediately after injury and between 6 mo and 2 years post. They can cause additional brain damage due to high oxygen and glucose requirements.
Effect of Brain Injury
-autonomic
-motor, functional, sensory and perceptual
-changes in consciousness/coma
-cognitive, personality and behavioral
-other
Autonomic Nervouse System Changes
Pulse
Respiratory rates
Temperature elevations
Blood pressure changes
Excessive sweating
Salivation
Tearing
Sebum secretion
Motor changes
-Great variability
-Monoplegia
-Hemiplegia
-Abnormal reflexes
-Daily changes in tone
-Stimulated by internal or external variants
-Motor disturbances in timing, sequencing, and coordination
-Primitive reflexes can return
-Cranial nerve involvement
Bladder and Bowel
-Loss of bladder or bowel control
-Increased urgency to urinate
-Incomplete bladder or bowel emptying
-constipation
Sensory Changes
Touch
Smell
Taste
Hearing
Loss of taste and smell has been reported to be as high as 25 percent after traumatic brain injury.
Changes in consciousness/coma
- Defined as a complete paralysis of cerebral function, a -state of unresponsiveness
-Eyes are closed and there is no response to painful stimuli
-Within 2-4 weeks most patients wake
-Pupillary signs are valuable in ax damage
Glasgow Outcome Scale
Looks at:
Eye opening
verbal response
motor response
Cogn, Personality and behavior Changes
-Shortened attention span
-Concentration problems
-Perseveration
-Reduced problem solving
-Loss of initiative
-Loss of reasoning
-Poor abstract thinking
-Inappropriate social behaviors
-Temporary or permanent disorders of intellectual function and memory are frequent
-Anger
-Irritability
-Memory loss
-Retrograde and anterograde amnesia
Types TBI Rehab?
-memory book
-at home strategies: post its etc
-notebook
-connect with brain injury worker
More likely to lack declarative memory BUT Can still exhibit procedural memory so can benefit from rehab
Medical Treatment
-Surgery:Decrease intracranial pressure
-Pharmacological Intervention: drugs that decrease pressure, control blood pressure, treat behavioral and cognitive functions ex diazepam, control pain
Motor Rehab
-Rehab is key to improved motor control: Recovery can continue to occur as long as the brain is challenged
-Early intervention is very important
-Task should resemble real life situation as much as possible
-Rehab for cognition is also important: Think holistically
Cognitive Rehab
What are some tasks you could do to improve the following?:
-Concentration
-Attention
-Calculation
-Memory
-Emotional regulation
-Multitasking
ADLs
-BADLs
-IADLs
-Possible practice in community
What Brain Injury Deficits be most disabling
The test reports social and family problems will be most devastating in the long term. Studies showed that patients who had low level motor skills but high cognitive skills did better at integrating back into society. There are adaptive devices for poor motor function, not cognition.
Motivation, attention skills, emotional instability, memory, learning and social deficits are all cognitive processes that prevent or slow client’s progress in therapy as well as at home and at work.
Motivation- work on client goals to assist in establishing motivation
Attention- remove distracting stimuli then slowly reintroduce
Physical-many repetitions needed (speed of movement, reaction time, endurance, sensory)
The ability to “fix” an impairment doesn’t only depend on therapist skill but also on physical damage, cognition, family support, motivation.
| Quiz |
|---|
| spanish double tick |
| Spanska Glosor Tidsuttryck |
| fransvocabulaire |
| 100 spanska ord (Del 3) |
| 1.6 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| 1.4 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| 1.2 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| 1.1 (Nederlands naar Frans)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| Emoji meanings |
| MedicatiekennisHet doel van dit spel is om de juiste medicatie te benoemen bij de juiste protocollen van het LPA 9.0.
Je hoeft hier geen doseringen te benoemen, maar enkel de stofnaam of merknaam.
Dit spel is ter... |
| Spanska Glosor Småord |
| Minecraft |
| fransvocabulaire A |
| duitsduits woorden nederlands-duits |
| 1.6 (Nederlands naar Frans)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| Biological molecules (Chapter 1) BIOLOGY |
| 1.4 (Nederlands naar Frans)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| week 3 |
| Japanese Unit 1 Review |
| 1.2 (Nederlands naar Frans)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| Daily words in KoreanMemorized 5 daily words of Korean |
| 1.1 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| Emotioner |
| Directional Terms |
| AKAK begrippen H1 1t/m4 |
| vecka 41 läxa glosor spanska |
| A Level Chemistry - Unit 1Topic 1 - Physical Chemistry
Book 1 |
| Tenta - ByggprocessenTentamensfrågor Byggprocessen 2023 |
| Chemistry 1 |
| A Level Law - Unit 1Nature of Law |
| Ekologi |
| SVför ett prov |
| french test |
| Sociology - Marxism |
| Sociology- Functionalism |
| Science |
| Sociology - keywords |
| OPTA 204 (Orientation and attention) |
| Me, My Family and My FriendsFRENCH |
| Ögats anatomi kursm. 1-2 |
| add. abreviations |
| OPTA 204 (Cognition and Memory) |
| Roots 3 |
| Roots 2 |
| Psyclohology : developmentNature, Nurture or Both?
Continuity and Discontinuity
Stability and Change
PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
Jean Piaget - Lev Vygotsky
Important Figures in Social Development
Infant Attachme... |
| Socialt arbete och samhällets organisering |
| vecka 40 |
| rörelselära |
| Anatomical positions |
| SIG 5SIG 5 |
| SIG 4SIG 4 |
| SIG 3SIG 3 |
| SIG 2SIG 2 |
| SIG 1SIG 1 |
| Cell- och mikrobiologi D1-D3 |
| Tyksa läxa |
| Kemi grundbegrepp |
| Mapeh music Q1 |
| Kemi |
| WAT1 |
| zella bw 2 |
| History slavesAbout the slave trade |
| Computer Knowledge |
| Italian |
| phisics equationsquiz |
| Latinlevel 13 latin |
| Modals |
| Histoire - Séquence 1 |
| Elizabethan Society and ReligionRevision on English Reformation, Religious Settlement and Elizabethan Society |
| frågor |
| Elizabethan Society and Religionquestions on satistics, places, events, names and dates from english reformation and religious settlement during Elizabeth 1's reign |
| Vocabulary |
| spanich |
| SNT exposé 2/10 |
| history rev (paterson) |
| The autonomy of the cell. Maria Hyde. |
| English vocabulary |
| physics |
| francaisprout |
| geography |
| begrippenbegrippen |
| geschiedenis tijden |
| Cell organelles |
| ma |
| Nutrients -Food Tests -The Digestive System -The Role of Bacteria and Enzymes in |
| health and nutrition |
| Ögats anatomi kursm. 3 |
| date grece |
| Econ Hi Mary! Since you have been to the zoo multiple times before, I am assumin |
| Literary Devices |
| trig identities |
| Weather in the arabic languagew |
| The autonomy of the cell.All about the animal cell. |
| untrennbare Verbenber |
| Serological Techniques in Blood Transfusion |
| Anatomie cours 4 |
| Anatomie cours 3 |
| Anatomie cours 2 |
| vb comme gustar |
| espagnolquiz voc espagnol |
| Anatomie cours 1anatomie |
| Spanish |
| Tung so do |
| Cell- och mikrobiologi C2-C8 |
| Cell- och mikorbiologi A1 och A2 |
| Soc 101, Unit 1 |
| vicab #6 |
| Roots 1 |
| hard 2 |
| Veterinary Terminology |
| sociolgy flash cardsflash cards |
| Glosor till 5/10 v.40 |
| history unit 1 |
| Notes & Piano Keyboard |
| Unit 5: Key Terms |
| OPTA 222 (SCI) |
| OPTA 222 (ALS and MS) |
| OPTA 222( nervous system) |
| Psykodynamiskt och behavorismpsykodynamisk och behaviorism |
| psykodynamiskt och behaviorism (begrepp)Psykodynamisk och behaviorstisk psykologi. |
| Anatomie examen 1Mudule 3 |
| Modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits |
| Motorik |
| nail phisology |
| Anatomie examen 1Module 2 |
| Korean Studies (Beginning/Basics) |
| Wilja |
| motståndaren |
| kognitiv neurovetenskap |
| hörselnedsättning |
| org |
| First third of Geol quiz |
| enivro 200 - test 3 |
| Peuple et culture examen 1Révision |
| Thoelogy review |
| week2 |
| French 3 |
| Aerdynamics midtermmidterm |
| french |
| Latin Leson IV |
| Citizenship |
| Chase science |
| Unit 4: Key Terms A and P |
| UE6: science politique séance 1 |
| English |
| blandat |
| svensk manöverkrigsföring |
| Manöverkrigsföring |
| UE6: économie |
| Italian Terms |
| french lexique 1d |
| french lexique 1c |
| french lexique 1B |
| french lexique 1a |
| 4. Hundraser 7 stHundraser |
| spanska tro- ta det försiktigtsuckaden |
| UE6: droit partie 1 |
| 3. Hundraser 7 stHundraser |
| Hundraser |
| 2. Hundraser 7 stHundraser |
| 1. Hundraser 7 stHundraser |
| hair cuttingwhat are the five form in haircutting |
| english |
| engels |
| farmakologiom läkemedel |
| jknk, |
| reumatologi |
| ortopedi |
| HISTORIA |
| Vocabulaire del 2 |
| Holly WilkinsonProject Managment |
| engelska glosor |
| Politiska system |
| intro droit privé cours 3 |
| engelska v.39 |
| german vocab 4 |
| spanska glosor vecka 39nom |
| Multicellular Organisms 4 |
| chapter 1 vocab wordsgreat gatsby chap 1 vocab |
| principes of design |
| German |
| Biology |
| french |
| Engelska begrepp |
| Multicellular Organisms 3Biology, Semester 2, TERM 3 |
| kemiska formler |
| Other latin nhs |
| Latin rhs terms |
| Quiz question pre test chapter 2 |
| Multicellular Organisms 2Semester 2, Term 3 |
| Hörförståelse |
| spanish |
| faux amiscc |
| Multicellular OrganismsSemester 2, Term 3 Biology
Topics: 1, 2,3 |
| Psykologi |
| Biology chapter 2chapter 2 |
| Exotic Animals |
| week 2 |
| Åk 4 Religion 1 |
| OPTA 215 (Speech and Language Acquisition and Pediatric Speech and Language Disorders) |
| Paris Métro |
| Ten commandments Flash cards |
| Command Words |
| English Vocabulary in Use (Unit 11) |
| WW1For the test on Tues |
| OPTA 222 (Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis) |
| Sociology key terms |
| german vocab 3 |
| Révision L3 - Procédure pénale |
| engelska glosor v.38oregelbundna verb |
| Word Homework September 26th |
| Glosor 26 Settembre |
| tyska glosor v.38glosor |
| Ap psych voacb quiz Unit 2 |
| Brain |
| Action potential |
| week1 |
| neuron quiz |
| Lvl 1 gentetics |
| 6 ord 20 sep |
| Musiktermer |
| Bio 2 |
| hispano- se pruducen |
| glosor |
| Spanska glosor |
| 2023-09-20 Korsord |
| droit constit cours 2 |
| engelska glosorglosor |
| french vocab & grammar |
| vårdhygien och smittskydd del 9 |
| vårdhygien och smittskydd del 8 |
| engelska glosor |
| amino acids |
| week 1pharmacy drugs |
| 5 ord 19 sep |
| Svenska |
| French 2 |
| läxa 1 |
| re y 9 t1 |
| Révision L2 - Droit administratif partie 2 |
| anglais voc |
| Révision L2 - Droit administratif partie 1 |
| History Notes |
| IdaKEN JIJ IDA WEL ECHT GOED ?!?! |
| musikmusik ord och begrepp |
| waves 2 + quantam physics |
| vårdhygien och smittskydd del 7 |
| anatatomi dp8frågor om anatomi delprov 8, högskolan Kristianstad |
| Digital Marketing |
| abdul |
| OPTA 204(Neroplasticity, Neuromotor, Developement and Visual Motor Integration |
| sv |
| 100 spanska vanliga ord (Del 2) |
| Révision L3 - La procédure civilePetit quiz en matière de procédure civile |
| HPNya ord SV och ENG |
| Glosor 20 Settembre |
| ÉPI |
| Business 1.1 |
| Ord till låttext "Adois Amor" |
| pivvat juridik |
| Naturkunskap kapitel 2 och 3 |
| Svenska |
| Tidigare tentafrågor |
| Psykologi 1 Tentatenta |
| Begrepp |
| elements of art |
| chemistry chapter 2 |
| French Vocab |
| how well do you know me |
| Dental Nursing |
| La Nourriture |
| Garden ident |
| Vocabulaire de la semaine |
| Unit 3: Key Terms A and P |
| Tree ident |
| Unit 2: Key terms A and P |
| firewየተሻለውን መልስ ምረጡ |
| Rocc Study |
| ROCC Abbreviations |
| Musklerna |
| StrukturperspektivetTenta |
| Skelettet |
| Svenska v.38 |
| Was machst du sehr gern |
