UNIT 2
these are outside genes and stidy the factors that alter gene expression without changing the DNA nucleotide sequence
EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE
phenotype is altered without altering the genotype
EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE
these are gene expression atlering molecules that are gathered together
EPIGENOMES
it can occur if the epigenetic change is retained during gametogenesis
TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE
it turns of gene expression and prevents transcription but involved in gene silencing
DNA METHYLATION
it adds methyl group to the cytosine of the CG sequence in the promoter
METHYLTRANSFERASE
explain histone modification
MAY TAILS ANG HISTONE PROTEINS NA NAG SSTICK OUT SA NUCLEOSOME. ACCESSIBLE TAILS SILA FOR EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS NA NAG AALTER SA DNA PACKAGING TO EITHER PROMOTE OR PREVENT TRANSCRIPTION
examples of histone modification
ACYTELATION, METHYLATION, PHOSPHORYLATION
these are transcribed by the DNA but not translated to proteins
NON CODING RNAs
give several types of ncRNAs
microRNAs, small interfering RNA and long coding RNA
what regulates gene expression during and after transcription by paticipating in heterochromation formation, histone modification and gene silencing
NON CODING RNAs
what are the epigenetic factors?
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS
SETTINGS
INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS
LIFESTYLE
process where one allele is paramutagenic and the other is paramutable
PARAMUTATION
one allele is maked via DNA methylation for silemcing, while the other is expressed. delikado pag silenced yung normal tas expressed yung damaged
GENOMIC IMPRINTINGS
it balances the expresion of the X-linked genes in males and females
DOSAGE COMPENSATION
dosage compensation in humans
MAGBABAWAS SA X NG BABAE
it is a condensed inactivated X chromosome found in female
BARR BODY
when does X inactivation occur
during early embryonic development specificall the formation of embryonic epiblast
defect gene is greater than the working genes
SKEWED INACTIVATION
dosage compensation in drosophila
MAGIGING XX YUNG LALAKI (XY)
dosage compensation of worms
MAGBABAWAS NG X SA BABAE KASI WALANG Y SI LALAKI