Bio chem
Potato
complex carbohydrate
Carbon info
-Life is carbon based
-Molecules of living organisms are usually placed into four categories of macromolecules: carbohydates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid
Elements that make up living things and number of covlent bonds
Hydrogen - 1 covalent bond
Oxygen - 2 covalent bonds
Nitrogen - 3 covalent bonds
Carbon - 4 covalent bonds
Phosphorus - 5 covalent bonds
Carbohydrates info
-Contians the elements hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen
-Most abundant category of macromolecules of life
-Sugars, starches, cellulose and chitin (kai-tin)
Carbohydrates functions
-Immediate energy source
-Energy source
-Structual material
Sugars
-Immediate energy
-Simplest carbohydate
-Monosaccharides and disaccharides
-Sugars usally from ring structures
Monosaccharides
-General formula for most basic monosacchrides (Cx(H20)x)
-Classified as aldose (aldehyde sugar (aldehyde meaning has the carbonlyl group on terminal carbon)) or ketose (ketone sugar (ketone as having the carbonyl group on non terminal carbon))
-Also may contian many hydroxyl (-OH) groups
-Polar, therefore soluble in water
Examples of monosacchirdes
C6H12O6 - Isomers
Glucose, - Takes on a ring structure
Galactose,
Fructose
Isomers
Having the same formula but a different structure
Aldehydes
Have carbonyl group on terminal carbon
Ketones
Have carbonyl group on non terminal carbon