Quiz 2 Body mechanics
The coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal & nervous systems to maintain balance, posture, body alignment
Mobility
Mobility requires _________
Energy, muscle strength, skeletal stability, joint function, coordination
Involves properly maintaining a clients neutral body alignments by preventing hyperextension and extreme lateral rotation
Client positioning
Joints must be positioned in a _____ position
slightly flexed
Patient supine, bed at 45 - 60 degrees, pillows support head, arms, hands, thighs, lower back. Patient's heel in heel boots or heel pressure relief device.
Supported fowler's position
Patient flat on back with bed flat, small roll towel under the lumber (lower back) area of patient, pillows parallel to the lateral surface of patients legs (along sides of thighs), pillows under forearms, hand rolls in each hand, heel boots to protect heels
Supine position
2 people help turn patient onto their stomach, patient's head is turned to one side with small pillow, pillow goes under abdomen just below diaphragm, arm's flexed and supported at shoulder level, pillows elevate & support lower legs
Prone position
Pillow under patient head & neck, shoulder blade forward, arms slightly flexed, upper arm supported by pillows, other arm on mattress, place pillow under semi-flexed upper leg level from groin to foot
Lateral (side laying) position
Pillow under head, pillow under patients flexed upper arm, pillow under patients fixed upper leg, supporting leg - level with hip & foot support
Lateral recumbent (semi - prone)
wide base of support = stability
low center of gravity = stability
facing direction of movement prevents twist of spine
divide balance between arms and legs = less risk for back injury
rolling, turning, pivoting = less work than lifting
transfer sheets reduce friction
reduce force of work = less risk of energy
work at height of taller person
principles of body mechanics
Entire bed frame tilted with head of bed down used for postural drainage
Trendlelenburg
Entire bed frame tilted when foot of bed is down, used to promote gastric emptying prevent reflux
Reverse trendelenburg
Head of bed raised to 45 degrees, preferred for nasogastric tube insertion/suction (lung expansion)
Supported fowler's position
Head of bed raised at 30 degrees; foot of bed may be raised at knee, used for gastric feedings (reduce regurgitation)
Semi - fowler's position
Entire bed flat for sleeping, verterbral injury, cervical traction, hypotensive patient
Flat position
Ears (1) in line with shoulders (2), shoulders in line with hips (3)
Tighten stomach (1) push buttocks back (2), keep body weight over the heels (3) Move trunk forward, bending at hips, not waist
Elbows tucked into waist, palms up grip
Stand with stable base of support & transfer weight side to side & front to back
6 checkpoints for transferring a patient
Mobility & immobility are ____ mutually exclusive
NOT
when resistence is noted within a joint, do not _____ joint motion
force
When performing passive ROM exercises, support joint by holding ____ part of extremity or using cupped hand to support joint.
Distal
Repeat each movement ____ times during exercise period.
5
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation
shoulder & hip
flexion, extension, rotation, lateral flexion
Head and neck
flexion, extension, supination, pronation
elbow and forearm
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation
wrist
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, opposition, circumduction of thumb
Hands, fingers, thumb
flexion, extension
Knee
plantar flexion, dorsiflexion
Ankle
inversion, eversion, flexion, extension
Feet and toes