Sociology Education topic1&2
Define human capital
Refers to the knowledge and skills possessed by a workforce leads to an increase in workforce value.
New Right approach on education
Not promoting equality but making sure students have their talents developed for the most important story.
Funcationalist approach on education
Education is important for socialization and helping to maintain sociol stability through sociol cohesion.
Marxist approach on education
Marxists see education as a means of sociol control. Marxists produces exsisting sociol class inequalities. For example working class boys being most likely to perform bad in school
What is Hegemony?
Ruling class's set of ideas over others
Feautures of the hidden curriculum
- Authority heirachy
- Streams and Bands
- Grading by ability
Bowles & Gintis: Long shadow of work
Major role of education in captialists societies is the reproduction of labour power
Long Shadow of Work: 2 main ways its reproduced
1. Through hidden curriculm, sociol relationships at school
2. Through education system in justifying inequality
3 Critisms of Althusser, Bourdieu, Bowls and Gintis
1. Lack of detailed research in schools
2. Ignore some influences of formal curriculm e.g humanities
3. Believe people have no control over what happens to them
Define subculture
Small group of people with shared aspects. Different to the majority of people.
Similarities between funcationalists & marxists
1. See school legitimizing sociol inequality
2. Both macro (large-scale) theories
3. See school as having a powerful influences on students
Define globalisation
Growing interconnectedness of socities across the world
Eaxmples of school ETHOS
All pupils are rewareded
Emphasis on equal opportunities
Define halo effect
Students either become stereotyped either favourably or unfavourably
Define labelling
Defining a person or group in a certain way
Define self-fufilling prophecy
People acting in response to predications which have been made based on their behaviour.
Define Streaming
Students divided into groups similaar ability where they stay for all subjects
Define Setting
Students divided into groups of the same ability in certain subjects
What is pro-school subculture
Group of people with set values, attitudes which conforms to academic aims and rules of school
What is Anti-school Subculture
Group of people with set values, attitudes which doesnt conform to academic aims and rules of school
What is social cohesion?
Bonds that bring people together as a united society
What is sociol mobility?
Movement of individuals/groups along the sociol heirachy.
What is social solidarity?
Intergration of people into society through shared values, common culture which ties them together making sociol cohesion.
What did Althusser's study show?
Saw the main role of education in a captialist society as a obediant work force.
How does Althusser prove his study?
- Reproduction of necessary technical skills
- Reproduction of ruling class ideology, seen through working world