final test
what was Gardner's theory and main idea?
theory: the multiple intelligences emphasizes the importance of valuing and recognizing all them and adapting to teach strategies to help reserve learners.
main idea: people dont have just an intellectual capacity, but have many kinds of intelligence.
what was Kohlberg's theory and main idea?
theory: theory thag focuses on how children develop morality and moral reasoning.
main idea. the thinking process thag occurs when one decides whether a behavior is right or wrong.
what was Gilligan's theory and main idea?
theory: women come tp prioritize an "ethics of care" as their sense of morality rvolves aling with their sense of self while men prioritize an "ethics of justice".
main idea: women make moral and ethical decisions based on how they will affect others in mind.
what was Chomsky's theory and main idea?
theory: how we understand universal language and Grammer.
main idea: we are pre-wired to learn languages and in fact are born with the basic rules for language intact.
whqt was ainsworth's theory and main idea?
theory: children and infants need to develop a secure dependence on their parents before seeking unfamiliar situations.
main idea: a child needs an established secure base or dependence, with their caregivers beofre venturing into the exploration of thr world around them.
what was bowlby's theory and main idea?
theory: infants are biologically wired to form attachments, a mechanism that serves as a survival strategy.
main idea: the emotional and social development of an infant is shaped by their relationship with their primary caregivers.
what is Piaget's theory and main idea?
theory: children's intelligence undergoes changes as they grow.
main idea: children develop through a continuous drive to learn and adapt mental templates that help them understand things.
what was Freud's theory and main idea?
theory: human personality develops through a series of stages, each qre centered around the satisfaction of certain physical or psychic needs.
main idea: the human psyche consists of 3 components; id, ego and superego.
what was Erikson's theory and main idea?
theory: your ego identity develops throughout your entire life during 8 specific stages.
main idea: humans personalities continued to develop past the age of 5.
what was Vygotsky's theory and main idea?
theory: theory of more knowledgeable others-by pairing a child with a "more knowledgeable other"
main idea: intellectual development is a social process that occurs through interaction with others.
whay was Bandura's theory and main idea?
theory: picking up new habits by watching others and copying theor actions.
main idea: observation and modeling play a primary role in how and why people learn.
what was Watson's theory and main idea?
theory: explicit about how nurses can apply its principles to their practice.
main idea: only behaviors which could observed by the human eye were valid in scientific study of psychology.
what was Pavlov's theory and main idea?
theory: pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to bring out a conditioned response.
main idea: to study and demonstrate the concept of classical condition.
what was bronfenbrenner's theory and main idea?
theory: his theory emphasizes the importance of both the micro-and marco-dimensions of the environment in which an individual lives, it consists of 5 environmental systems.
main idea: the environment you grow up in, affects every part of your life.
what was Montessori's theory and main idea?
theory: the approach that emphasizes individual instructions and self-paced learning.
main idea: teaching each child at theor own pace, and hands-on learning.
what was Harlow's theory and main idea?
theory: the need for a mother's love is not physical but rather emotional.
main idea: the relationship between mother and child was created by the mother providing comfort.
attachment
the importance of human beings of socio-emotional bonds with available, sensitive and supportive others for effective emotion regulation, mental health, and psychological functioning.
birth order
birth order affects one's personality and life outcomes including educational success and future carrier.
language acquisition/development
we are born with something in our genes that allows us to learn languages. the best time to learn a language(s) is duting the forst 6 year sof life.
temperament
an individual's tendency tp respond emotionally and behaviorally to environmental events. nature and nurture plays a role i shaping our temperament.
social and emotional intelligence
social: its the ability to get along well with others and to get them to cooperate with you.
emotional: the ability to perceive, control and evaluate emotions.
moral development
it involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and has both intrapersonal and interpersonal components.
issues to watch out for during pregnancy
drugs, alcohol, chemicals, toxic substances, tobacco, certain infections, so meds.
socialization
the process by which we acquire the beliefs, values and behaviors deemed significant and appropriate by the older members of our society.
cultural & social variations in the socialization of families
its the continuous process of acquiring norms, values and behaviors. it begins when we grow up, the influence around us shape out behavior.
culture - theyre expected to follow instructions, hsve responsibilities, achievements and independence.
object permanence, assimilation, accomodation (Piaget)
children go through distinct stages of cognitive development, each characterized by specific cognitive abilities and ways of thinking.
brain development, neurons, component & functions, wiring etc.
neurons make connections with other neurons to form the information processin networks that are responsible for all thoughts.