health and social- factors affecting behaviour
What are the sociological factors?
Family
Lifestyle
Environmental
Cultural
Friends
Socio-economic
What comes under the family factor?
Parenting styles
Relationships
Divorce
Adoption
Fostering
What comes under the lifestyle factor?
Diet
Excerise
What comes under the environmental factor?
Housing
Neighbourhood location
Opportunities for play/resources
What comes under the cultural factors?
Ethnicity
Education
Travel
Cultural experiences
Custom and tradition
Attitudes
Values and beliefs
What comes under the friends factor?
Socialisation
Isolation
Stereotyping
Peer pressure
What comes under the socio-economic factor?
Poverty
Discrimination
Influence of society and the media
Role models
What do children learn from their family?
Primary socialisation occurs
Learn values of their family and community
Learn acceptable norms of behaviour
Stressful family environments have more chances of learning disability/mental health issues in children
What are the different types of family?
Nuclear
One parent
Step family
Foster/Adoptive
Extended
Shared care
What is a Nuclear family?
Attention of two parents
More beneficial than one parent/step family which may be due to a loss such as seperation, divorce or bereavment
What is a one parent family?
One parent which may not be able to give same attention as two due to one having to fufil all roles
What is a step family?
This may lead to problems as they may not have a good relationship with step parent/sibling
They may feel resentful about sharing their parents with others and it may lead to feelings of jealousy or insecurity
What is a foster/adoptive family?
fosters care for families in the short ter, and adoptive families legally adopt the child
Child may have suffered distress beforehand such as seperation, family breakdown, abuse or neglect
Foster children may feel insecure due to its short term nature
Adopted children may find it hard to adapt to new family circumstances
What are extended families?
These children live with parents, grandparents and other family members
More common in certain cultures
A lot of family to care for them and provide support
May be overwhelming and busy
What is a shared care family?
This means spending time with parents in two different houses
This may lead to mixed messages and different parenting styles which can be confusing
What are the effcets of eating healthy and exercising regularly?
Essential for healthy brain development and growth
One in 4 children in Wales are classed as overweight or obese
- perform better at school
- higher self esteem + feel more confident
- cope with stress and able to regulate emotions
- avoid mental health issues
Explain housing?
Many live in homes that are too small to sleep comfortably, have privacy or maintain good hygiene
They may lack space to complete homework and live in damp, dirty, or unsafe housing
Mental health issues have been linked to overcrowded or poor quality housing
Explain neighbourhood location?
Diprived area/high levels of poverty and unemployment are lowest performing categories when starting school
Often have behavioural problems and health issues
Explain opportunities for play?
Childrens geographical living location can affect their development and behaviour
The community has different levels of opportunties for education, play, social interaction etc. which will act as external influences
Explain the affects of ethinicity?
Many children from ethnic minority families live in the most deprived areas
Often face discrimination e.g. racism
Can be hurtful for the children and damage self identity and feel inferior
What are the affects of education on children?
The attitudes of parents, community and culture towards the importance of education can impact on children's behaviour and development
The level of education of the parents will impact how important they find education
What are the affects of travel and cultural?
Travel can be an important educational experience that boosts creativity and imagination
As well as social and language skills
Meeting new people, explore different foods, learn new languages
What are the affects of custum, tradition, attitudes, values, and beliefs?
Gives them a of identity sense and belonging
Develop awareness of how cultural background impacts development
What is the impacts of socialisation, isolation, stereotyping and peer pressure?
- vital part of a child's developmentas they learn to interact with others
- if not given this opportunity there skills will be delayed
- can affect childrens self esteem and lack of confidence
What are the affects of poverty/affluence?
- impact behaviour and life chances
- more stressed and anxious about debt and bills
What is influence of society and the media?
Childrens exposure should be monitored
May contain inappropriate content
Exposed to grooming and predatory behaviour
May shorten childrens attention span, sleep distruption, distortion of body image etc.
What is the impact of role models?
Learn behaviour through observations and imitation
Can be positive or negative
Teachers, sportspeople, celebrities, peers.
Childrens attitudes, beliefs and personality can all be influenced
What are the psychological factors?
Mental health
Adverse childhood experiences
Life experiences
Transitions
What comes under mental health?
Self esteem
Self concept
Mindset
Child mental health
Seperation
Poor attachment
Sadness/depression
What comes under ACE's?
Grief and loss
Violence and bullying
What comes under Life experiences?
Moving home
Birth of a sibling
Bereavement
Being a refugee
What comes under transitions?
Moving school
Moving classes or groups
What are the impacts of low self esteem?
Feel that adults and peers in their lives do not accept them
Develops from low self confidence, insecurity, anxiety or depression
Self esteem is largely based on their perceptions of how the important adults in their lives judge them
Important to show children that they are valued and accepted
Children who are abused etc often suffer from low self esteem
What are the impacts of mindset?
Children face many challenges in development and need to process their emotions and develop emotional intelligence and resilience
For this to happen children need to develop a positive mindset and outlook on life
If adults demonstrate positive attitudes children may do the same
What are the effects of mental health?
Has a big impact on their life and can have many underlying causes
One in ten children suffer from a mental health issue
Good mental health = resilience to cope with life, better physical health etc.
What are the effects of ACE's?
Truamatic evens which occur during childhood or adolescence
Can be single evets or prolonged truamatic experiences
They threaten well being, trust and security
Can lead to physical and mental health problems
What are the bioloigcal factors?
Gender
Transgender
Genetic/inherited disorders
Learning disabilities
Disabilities
Ill health
Disease
Injury
What are the effects of gender?
The hippocampus develops slower in boys- harder to retain instructions
Boys have more dopamine- inc risk taking and experimentation behaviours
Explain transgender?
Children develop their gender over time
Children who have a gender diverse identity know their gender as clearly and consistently as their peers
They benefit from the same level of support, love and social accpetance as their peers
What are genetic/inherited disorders?
Caused by an abnormality in the genome
Can range from a small mutation in a single gene to the addition or subtraction of an entire chromosome
Most are present from birth and heritable
Other defects are caused by new mutations to the DNA
Explain learning disabilities?
Have behaviour problems or disorders
This may include acting out, avoidance, aggressive behaviour, social isolation and emotional outbursts
Behavioural problems are often due to reduced self confidence and increased anxiety and stress
Explain disabilities?
Physical disabilities: delayed walking, deafness or visual impairement etc.
Cerebal palsy is the most common physical disability in childhood