Science Yr8 term 4 Part 1
What is the particle theory of matter?
1. All matter is made up of paritcles too small to see. 2. There are spaces between the particles. 3. There are attractive forces between the particles. The weaker the force, the further apart they are. 4. The particles are always moving. 5. At high tempretures, the particles move faster.
Define the 3 states of matter
Solid, Liquid and gas
Properties of a solid?
Has a fixed volume and shape, particles are very close together and vibrate in place
Properties of a liquid?
Has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape, the particles are further apart, they move and create kinetic energy
Properties of a gas?
Gas does not have a fixed volume or shape. particles move very fast and create the most amount of kinetic energy. Move faster when heat is applied
Define evaporation?
Evaporation is when some of the particles near the surface of the liquid gained enough energy to break free and turns into a gas.
Define boiling?
When a liquid is heated, the particles get even more energy. This energy makes the particles move faster which weakens the bonds holding the liquid together. Then the particles have eneough energy to break their bonds and the liquid turns into gas.
Define melting?
As the particles are heated, they move faster creating more kinetic energy. The energy from the heat overcomes the force of attraction between the particles and they begin to separate into a liquid.
Define diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of particles to fill in any space available.
Define condensation?
When gas is cooled, the particles move slower and form together, making water droplets
How does tempreture effect the rate of diffusion?
When particles are heated, they move faster creating more kinetic energy. This speeds up the diffusion.