Bio Test - Evolution
What is Adaptation?
is a process that helps an organism survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
What are Structural adaptations?
- Are physical features of an animal’s body that help it survive.
What is Mimicry
Many harmless species resemble a harmful species in coloration or structure.
Physiological adaptations.
Are internal features and processes that help an animal survive.
- Ex: changes to an animal’s cells, organs, and chemical processes.
What is Behavioral adaptations?
- Are actions animals take to survive in their environment.
- Ex: migrating, hibernating, hunting in groups, or playing dead to avoid predators.
What are Variations
- Are structural, functional, or physiological differences between individuals.
What is Selective Advantage
- Is a genetic advantage of one organism over its competitors.
- This advantage helps it survive and have more offspring
- Selective Pressure
- Environment picks which individuals survive
- Things can select for certain traits and against
other
- Living things like predators, parasites and
competition for resources affect this
- Over time, helpful traits become more common
Natural selection
- Is when characteristics of a population change over many generations.
Artificial Selection
- Humans selecting certain traits (Selective Breeding)
- Artificial selection is a type of biotechnology
- Many foods come from selectivelybred plants and animals
Ex: cows bred for more milkchickens bred for more meat or eggs
Who was Georges-Louis Leclerc?
- noted the similarities between humans and apes
- species change over time.
Who discoverd and who helped start it Palentology?
- Mary Anning discovered the first plesiosaur
- Georges Cuvier studied fossils and helped start paleontology
What is Catastrophism?
- floods and eruptions, shaped Earth in the past.
- caused large numbers of extinctions.
- This idea is now called catastrophism.
- Cuvier believed new animals returned from places not hit by the disaster.
What is Uniformitarianism
- Charles Lyell rejected catastrophism
- Uniformitarianism: geological processes operated at the same rates in the past as they do today
- He believed slow processes could create large changes over long periods.
What was Jean-Babtiste Lamarck theory and what did he believe in
- Inheritance of acquired characteristics: changes in an organism’s body could be passed to its young.
- Traits grew stronger with use and weaker without use.
Who is Charles Darwin
- Darwin left England in 1831 on the HMS Beagle at age 22.
- He explored plants, animals, and landscapes in many regions.
- Studied finches on the Galapagos islands
- theory of evolution by natural selection.
Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin- Natural selection.
- Darwin and Wallace accepted that populations changed as time passed
- Thomas Malthus proposed that populations produced far more off spring than their environments
- Competition for limited resources between the same species would select for individuals with favourable traits
What was Darwins ideas of natural selection
1. More offspring are born than the environment can support.
2. Individuals have variation and these traits can be inherited.
3. Those with helpful traits survive and reproduce more.
4. Change in a population happen over time