BLOCCO 6
How many alkyl or aryl groups are bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom in a ketone?
Two
Ethers have low or no solubility in water primarily because they cannot engage in which type of bonding?
Hydrogen bonding
An amine with three alkyl or aryl groups bonded to the nitrogen atom is classified as what type of amine?
Tertiary
Which of the following is a symmetrical, cyclic ether mentioned in the notes?
Tetrahydrofuran
What is the characteristic odor often associated with amines?
Rotting fish
What is the study of the three-dimensional structure of molecules called?
Stereochemistry
Do 1° and 2° amines have boiling points that are higher or lower than those of alcohols?
Lower
What is the common method used to distinguish between enantiomers based on their ability to rotate the plane of polarized light?
Polarimetry
The resonance representation of an amide predicts that the amide nitrogen atom is hybridized to allow pi bonding with the carbonyl carbon atom. What is the geometry of this nitrogen atom?
Planar
What is the general formula for an ether?
R-O-R₁
What is the combination of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group on the same carbon atom called?
Carboxyl group
What happens to the water solubility of carboxylic acids as the length of the hydrocarbon chain increases?
It decreases
Compared to hydrocarbons and ethers of similar molecular weights, ketones and aldehydes have what kind of boiling points?
Higher
What are thioethers also called?
Sulfides
Do ketones and aldehydes engage in hydrogen bonding with each other?
No
What is the approximate pKa value for carboxylic acids?
About 5
What is the hybridization of the carbonyl carbon atom?
sp²
What is an amide a composite of?
A carboxylic acid and ammonia or an amine
Ethers are related to which common molecule, with alkyl groups replacing its hydrogen atoms?
Water
What is a carbon atom bonded to four different groups called?
Asymmetric carbon atom
According to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, which atom would receive the highest priority if the four groups bonded to an asymmetric carbon atom were H, CH3, NH2, and F?
Fluorine
An ester is formed from the condensation of a carboxylic acid with what other type of compound?
An alcohol
What type of ether has two different alkyl groups bonded to the oxygen atom?
Unsymmetrical ether
What is the simplest aldehyde, which has two hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbonyl group?
Formaldehyde
In an ester, which group of a carboxylic acid is replaced by an alkoxy group?
Hydroxyl group
What are amines organic derivatives of?
Ammonia
What is a characteristic property of amines regarding their chemical reactivity?
They are nucleophiles
An object is considered chiral if its mirror image is what?
Different from the original object
Carboxylic acids boil at higher temperatures than alcohols, ketones, or aldehydes of similar molecular weights due to the formation of how many hydrogen bonds?
Two
The double bond of the carbonyl group has what kind of moment?
A large dipole moment