GEEL
refers to the socially constructed roles, hehaviors, norms, and identities that a society considers appropriate for people. It is not the same as biological sex and can vary across cultures and change over time.
Gender
is a group of people who share common territory. culture, values, and systems of organization, such as laws, traditions, and institutions, that guide their way of life.
Society
roles vary greatly in different
societies, cultures,
and historical periods
as well as they change over time.
Gender
Cannot be changed, except with medical treatment.
Sex
Although deeply
rooted, gender roles can he changed over time, since social
values and norms are not static.
Gender
Only women can give birth. Only women
can breastfeed.
Sex
The expectation of men to be economic providers of the family and for women to be caregivers is
a gender norm in many cultural contexts. However, women prove able to do traditionally male jobs
as well as men (e.g., men and women can do housework; men and women can be leaders and
managers).
Gender
Biological characteristics (including genetics, anatomy. and physiology) that generally define humans as female or
male. Note that these biological characteristics are not mutually exclusive; however, there are individuals who possess hoth male and female characteristics.
Sex
Socially constructed set of roles and
responsibilities associated with being girl and boy or women and men, and in
some cultures a third or other gender.
Gender
refers to the physical differences between people who are male, female, or intersex. A person
typically has their sex assigned at birth
hased on physiological characteristics,
including their
genitalia and
chromosome
composition. This
assigned sex is called
a person's "natal
sex."
Sex
This
assigned is called
a person's "natal
sex."
sex
is a social
construct that refers ta the roles, norms, and identities shaped by society, which can changl over time. Unlike sex, which is biological, gende
is about how a person identifies and can exist o a broad spectrum beyonc just male and female. It influences behavior and expectations but is not fixed.
Gender
CEDAW means
CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination
of All Forms of Discrimination Against
Women)
Known as the
International Bill of
Rights of Women.
CEDAW
Adopted by the
United Nations in
1979.
CEDAW
Entered into force on
3 September 1981.
CEDAW
As of May 2015,
ratified by 189 states
CEDAW
Signed on 15 July 1980.
PHILIPPINES AND CEDAW
Ratified on 5 August 1981 → first ASEAN
country to do so.
PHILIPPINES AND CEDAW
Ratified the Optional Protocol on 12 November
2003.
PHILIPPINES AND CEDAW
Provides two mechanisms:
Communication procedure (individual
complaints).
Inquiry procedure (investigation into
grave violations).
any distinction, exclusion or restriction
made on the basis of sex which has the effect or
purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition,
enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of
their marital status, on a basis of equality of men
and women, of human rights and fundamental
freedoms in the political, economic, social,
cultural, civil, or any other fields.
definition of discrimination against women (CEDAW)
Only human rights treaty
affirming reproductive
rights of women.
Recognizes culture and
tradition as influential in
shaping gender roles and
family relations.
KEY
FEATURES OF
CEDAW
Affirms women’s rights to:
•Acquire, change, or retain their nationality.
• Ensure the nationality of their children.
THREE
FOUNDATIONAL
PRINCIPLES
OF CEDAW
Non-discrimination, State obligation, and Substantive equality
is integral to the concept of equality.
The Convention seeks to eliminate discrimination against
women in all fields and spheres, and holds both state and
non-state actors in the case of violation of rights.
Non-discrimination
embodies the elements, that is, respect,
protection, promotion, and fulfillment of human rights. It
also upholds the concept of due diligence which demands
ensuring the prevention, investigation, and sanctioning of
private acts of discrimination. The legislature, executive
and judiciary organs of government are responsible for the
fulfillment of all state obligations.
State Obligation
acknowledges as products of
negative female stereotypes, and consequently seeks to
eliminate discrimination at the individual, institutional, and
systemic levels through corrective and positive measures
including enabling conditions and affirmative actions. It
seeks to correct imbalance and focuses on achieving
“equality of outcomes” by ensuring equal opportunities,
access and benefits for women.
Substantive equality
the Philippines can
be credited for creating its first working draft through
___ who was working as a
diplomat at the Department of Foreign Affairs at the
time and would eventually become the SecretaryGeneral of the World Conference on the UN Decade
of Women in Nairobi, Kenya in 1985 and the UN
Assistant
Secretary-General
for
Social
and
Humanitarian Affairs.
Dr. Leticia Ramos-Shahani
Dr. Ramos-Shahani sought the
support of Russian delegate Tatiana Nikolaeva for
the CEDAW draft, famously earning the ire of then
Foreign Affairs ____.
Secretary Carlos P. Romulo.
THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
Article II, Section 14
(Declaration of
Principles) and A
rtic
le
X
III, Section 14 (Labor)
Recognizes the role of women in
nation-building.
Ensures fundamental equality of
women and men before the law.
Article II, Section 14
(Declaration of
Principles)
•Mandates the state to protect working
Women.
Requires safe and healthful working Conditions.
。Considers women's maternal functions. Provides facilities and opportunities to enhance women's welfare.
。Aims to help vwomen realize their full potential in national service.
Article Xlll, Section 14 (Labor)
REPUBLIC ACT 7192
WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT
AND NATION BUILDING ACT
Policy Declaration:
Recognizes women’s role in nationbuilding.
Ensures fundamental equality before the
law between women and men.
Provides women with equal rights and
opportunities.
Women in Development and
Nation Building Act
BEIJING PLATFORM FOR
ACTION
Landmark document from the 4th World
Conference on Women (1995).
Established a blueprint of commitments
for women’s full development and
equality with men.
Landmark document from the 4th World
Conference on Women (1995).
Established a blueprint of commitments
for women’s full development and
equality with men.
BEIJING PLATFORM FOR
ACTION
COVERED 12 AREAS OF
CONCERN:
1.Women and poverty
2.Education and training of women
3.Women and health
4.Violence against women
5.Women and armed conflict
6.Women and the economy
7.Women in power and decision-making
8.Institutional mechanisms
9.Human rights of women
10.Women and media
11.Women and the environment
12.The girl child
BEIJING PLATFORM FOR
ACTION
• Principles of BPfA
•impact on the Philippines
BEIJING PLATFORM FOR
ACTION
Set future actions and strategies
for women’s empowerment.
Promoted gender mainstreaming—
integrating gender perspectives
into all policies and programs at all
levels.
Principles of BPfA
。Expanded women's rights discussions to include violence, leadership, political participation, and economic concerns. 。 Linked women's issues with
environment, human rights, population, and armed conflict.
。Adopted gender mainstreaming as a national strategy.
Impact on the Philippines
Philippine Reports on BPfA
•BPfA+20 (2015)
•BPfA+25
(2019)
•Report officially launched in August 2019
Reviewed achievements and
challenges since 1995, covered 2009–2013
updates, and identified emerging issues for the
post-2015 development agenda.
BPfA+20 (2015):
Assessed
challenges
in
implementation, highlighted achievements in
gender equality and empowerment, and aligned
with
the
2030
Sustainable
Development
Agenda
BPfA+25
(2019)
Report officially launched in August 2019
during
the 10th anniversary of the Magna Carta of
Women
REPUBLIC ACT 9710:
MAGNA CARTA OF WOMEN
Comprehensive women’s human rights law in the Philippines
aimed at eliminating discrimination against women.
Focuses on the recognition, protection, fulfillment, and
promotion of women’s rights, especially for those in
marginalized sectors.
Provides a framework of rights for women based on
international law.
Serves as the Philippine government’s commitment to
CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women).
Local translation of CEDAW provisions, including definitions
of gender discrimination, state obligations, substantive
equality, and temporary special measures.
Recognizes human rights guaranteed by the International
Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
REPUBLIC ACT 9710:
MAGNA CARTA OF WOMEN
Increasing the number of women in third level positions in
government to achieve a fifty-fifty (50 50) gender balance within
the next five years while the composition of women in all levels of
development planning and program implementation will be at least
40 percent;
Leave benefits of two (2) months with full pay based on gross
monthly compensation for women employees who undergo
surgery caused by gynecological disorders, provided that they
have rendered continuous aggregate employment service of at
least six (6) months for the last twelve (12) months;
Non-discrimination in employment in the field of military, police
and other similar services that include according the same
promotional privileges and opportunities as their men counterpart,
including pay increases, additional benefits, and awards, based on
competency and quality of performance.
Provision for equal access and elimination of discrimination in
education, scholarships, and training. Thus,
“expulsion, nonreadmission, prohibiting enrollment, and other related
discrimination of women students and faculty due to pregnancy
out of marriage shall be outlawed.
Non-discriminatory and non-derogatory portrayal of women in
media and film to raise the consciousness of the general public in
recognizing the dignity of women and the role and contribution of
women in family, community, and the society through the strategic
use of mass media;
Equal status given to men and women on the titling of the land
and issuance of stewardship contracts and patents.
SALIENT FEATURES OF THE
LAW