part 2 central nevoisss
is an egg-shaped structure lies above your brainstem in the middle of the brain. Although it may look like a single structure, you actually have two, side-by-side thalami, one in each hemisphere (side) of your brain. Being located in this central area — like the central hub on a bike wheel — allows nerve fibers connections (like the bike wheel’s spokes) to reach all areas of your cerebral cortex (the outer layer of your brain).
The thalamus
Technically, your thalamus is part of an area of your brain called the ___________, which includes your hypothalamus, subthalamus and epithalamus.
diencephalon
It’s known as a ______________ of all incoming motor (movement) and sensory information — hearing, taste, sight and touch (but not smell) — from your body to your brain. Like a relay or train station, all information must first pass through your thalamus before being routed or directed to its destination in your brain’s cerebral cortex for further processing and interpretation.
relay station
The _________ is a small area in the center of the brain, located between the pituitary gland and the thalamus.
hypothalamus
, which helps maintain blood pressure and water volume. •
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or Vasopressin
, which regulates metabolism and immune response. It is particularly responsive to stress.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
, which influences the release of sex-related hormones (FSH and LH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
. This hormone aids in childbirth and breast milk production The hypothalamus produces oxytocin, that's stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland.
Oxytocin
, which regulates thyroid gland activity.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
: Inhibits the release of growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone
Somatostatin
Known as the "feel-good" hormone, it affects mood and motivation
Dopamine:
(also known as hypophysis) is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain below the hypothalamus. It sits in its own little chamber under the brain known as the sella turcica. It releases several important hormones and controls the function of many other endocrine system glands, hence it is often referred to as “master gland”
3.Pituitary gland
The small, cone-shaped __________ is located deep in the cerebral hemispheres and is attached to the thalamus near the upper part of the third ventricle. It secretes the hormone melatonin
Melatonin functions as a biologic clock and can help to regulate the circadian rhythms, which are associated with environmental day and night cycles and help the body to distinguish day from night. Altered melatonin levels may result in variations of appetite, body temperature, and sleep pattern.
. It's often called the "third eye" due to its role in regulating light and dark cycles in the body.
4.Pineal Gland
The ______ is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. It plays a crucial role in regulating emotions, behavior, and memory.
limbic system
Involved in emotion regulation, especially fear and pleasure.
Amygdala:
Essential for forming new memories and connecting emotions to those memories.
Hippocampus:
Regulates bodily functions such as hunger, thirst, sleep, and body temperature.
Hypothalamus:
Acts as a relay station for sensory information, directing it to the appropriate parts of the brain.
Thalamus:
Involved in emotional processing and regulation.
Cingulate Gyrus: