exam reproduction
asexual reproduction
formation of a new individual that hasidentical genetic information as its parent
advantages of asexual
lots if offspring produce quickly only one parent needed takes less energy
diadvantages asexual
no genetic diversity lesser chance of survival
binary fission
single celled organisms divide into two genetically identical daugter cellsthat are clones to the parent
budding
single celled organisms the nuclues divides and tiny bud forms grows on cell membrane then seperates becoming indepenedwnt
pathenogenesis
process in which unferlized haploid eggsmature into new organisms
fragmentation
new organism formed from a peice of existing parent organism
spores
cell mass produced by mitosisthat grow into new individuals if conditions favourable
vagatative reproduction
asexual reproduction of identical offspring from the oarent plant that does not involve seeds
meristerm tissue
actively growingpart of the plantcomposed of unspecialized cells produced by mitosis
sexual reproduction
reproduction th at invovles the exchange of genetic material between two organisms. two gametes combine during fertilization to form zygote- develope new individuals.
chromosomes
a normal human body contains 23 pairs ofsimilar chromosomes which are known as homologous pairs
46 in body cell
23 ingamete cell
advantages of sexual
genetic diversity, species can adapt, disease less likely
disadvantages
takes energy, protwction and care are nessacary, fewer offspring, complexity of bring gametes together
Meosis
cell division that produces unique cells called gametes Cell division that ensures each gamete countains only one half set haploid of chromosomes seperate sister chromatids
meosis 1
homologous chromosomes match up in 23 pairs and prepare to be seperated crossing over occurs
meosis
23 duplicatedchromosomes split in balf and make new chromosomes
stamen
male reproductive organ contains anther, pollen grains and filament
anther
where pollen is produced and stored
pollen grains
sacs containing male gametes
filament
stalk that supports anther
pistil
female reproductive organ that countains stigma style ovary ovules
stigma
capture pollen grains
style
stalk that supports stigma
ovary
holds ovules
ovules
sacs inside the ovarys that countain female gametes
petals
brightly coloured to attract pollinators petals make ip corolla
sepals
leaf structure that protects plant before bloom