RS- anatomy
What are the three functions of the RS?
1) Produces vocal sounds
2) Controlling the air that comes in and out (temp of air)
3) Gass exchanges
What is respiration?
the process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and cells
Ventilation
Movement of air into and out of the lungs- breathing
External respiration
gas exchanges between the blood and air in the lungs
Gass transport
movement of gas in the blood between the blood and air in the lungs
Internal respriation
gas exchange between the blood and the cells
Cellular respiration
the process of oxygen utilization and carbon dioxide production at a cellular level
Upper respiratory tract
nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx
nose hair function
contains course air, and the nose hairs prevent the entry of large and harmful particles
Nasal conchae function
scroll shaped bones that divide the nasal cavity into passageways
Mucous membrane function
allows for heat from the blood to go into the air and regulate the air temperature inside the body
How many passageways are there in the nose?
2
What is the upper respiratory tract lined with?
mucous membrane
Sinuses function
regulate the humidity
Paranasal sinuses
air-filled spaces
Pharynx
common passageway for air and food
Parts of the lower respiratory tract
Larynx, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs
Larynx
enlargement in the airway above the trachea and below the larnyopharynx
Larynx functions
transports ar in and out, keeps particles from entering the trachea and houses vocal cords
Trachea
cylindrical tube supported by 20 incomplete cartilaginous rings
Trachea function
keeps the airway open in presence of air pressure change
Bronchial tree
branched mucous membrane-lined tubular airways lead from the trachea
Bronchial tree function
carry air to and from your lungs
Largest to smallest in the bronchial tree
Primary > secondary > tertiary > terminal bronchioles > Respiratory Bronchioles > alveolar ducts > Alveolar Sacs Alveoli
What happens as the bronchial tree parts get smaller?
the cartilage lessons the smooth muscle increases in the walls of the bronchioles which allows for changes in the diameter of the bonchioles
Bronchodilation
increase in the diameter of bronchioles during fight or flight
Bronchoconstriction
decrease in the diameter of the bronchioles during allergic responses or asthma
Lung characteristics
soft spungy conehsaped organs that occupy most of the thoracic cavity
Which lung is bigger
the right has 3 lobes and the left only has 2
Alveoli
where O2 qnd CO2 are exchanged
Alveoli function
allows for rapid gas exchanges with the capillaries
Plural membrane functions
provide protection and a smooth surface for lungs to move while breathing
Visceral pleura
the inner layer that covers the lungs, blood vessels, and bronchi
Parietal Pleura
outer layer thet attaches to the chest wall
Left and right pleural
the space between the visceral and parietal pleura in the left and right lungs