tutorial lab 4
bones in the perch skull
dermal bone, endochondral bone, cranium
vertebral column of perch
vertebrae, centrum, neural arch, neural spine,
two divisions of fish vertebral column
trunk and tail
fish dont have a neck, but they have
first two truck vertebrae are modified without ribs
caudal vertebrae have ribs T or F
F
fish skin has how many layers
2
the layers of fish skin
epidermis and thicker dermis
mucous glands are abundant in which layer of fish skin
epidermis
scales of fish are in which layer of skin
dermis
bones in rat skull
mandible, occipital, maxilla and premaxilla, palate
first cervical vertebra is the
atlas and it articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull the yes movement in the neck
second vertebra in the rat is the
axis, rotational movement or no movement
thoracic vertebrae ___ ribs
have
lumbar vertebrae __ ribs
dont have
how many lumbar vertebrae do mammals have
4-7
how many thoracic vertebrae do mammals have
12-15
sacrum is the
fusion of 3-5 sacral vertebrae
true ribs
7 pairs attach directly to the sternum
false ribs
3 pairs attach to the ribs anterior to themselves
xiphoid process
attached to the bottom of the sternum
xiphisternum
bottom of sturnum where xiphoid process is attached
epidermis in mammals
thick with many layers of dead cells on surface, protects the underlying tissues from water loss and abrasion and invasion
dermis is mammals
dense fibrous connective tissue and contains blood vessels, nerve fibres, and sensory endings, arrector pili muscles, glands, and hair
mammary glands are ___ in mammals sweat glands are ___ in mammals
always, sometimes
which evolved from which: mammary glands and sweat glands
mammary glands evolved from sweat glands