Nature vs Nurture
What are behavior genetics?
How much do our genes (DNA) and our environment influence our individual differeneces?
What is the NATURE influence?
Nature = Genetics
What is the NURTURE influence?
Nurture = Environmental Influences
- From parental development on
What does PREDISPOSITION mean?
Possibility of something happening through genetic code
Environment may/may not trigger it
What is HERITABILITY?
Degree to which traits are inherited
Traits can include characteristics such as height, eye color and hair color and texture
What is CULTURE?
Shared attitudes, beliefs, norms and behaviours of a group communicated from one generation to the next
What are NORMS?
Understood rules for accepted and expected behaviors
The "proper behavior" within a group - usually unwritten
Examples : greetings, respect for elders, manners
What is ETHNOCENTRISM?
Tendency to view the world through your own cultural filters
What is the difference between universal norms and cultural specific norms? Provide examples
Universal Norms = Behaviors and beliefs found across all cultures
Cultural Specific Norms = Principles that are true only for a certain culture
Examples :
Universal Norms - Greetings, Rights of passage, Eat food
Cultural Specific Norms - Wave, bows, kiss on cheek
What are the FOUR FACTORS that influnence culture?
Population density (more rules needed)
Climate (influences lifestyle)
Resources (abundance or lack of)
Technology (inventions influence interactions among people)
What is personality?
An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
What is a trait?
When someone's aspects of their personality are relatively consistent
How do we measure personality/traits?
Projective Measures (Rorschach ink blobs), very subjective
Observations & Interviews, medical diagnosis
Self Report, most common
What are the "BIG FIVE" personality traits?
Agreeableness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Openess
Whats locus of control, internal and external?
Locus of Control = Refers to the extent to which people feel that they have control over the events that influence their lives (usually culturally dependant)
Internal: they believe they control their own fate
External: some people believe outside forces determine what happens to them
What are the traits measured in the Myers-Briggs personality test?
Introvert vs Extrovert (how you get energy)
Sensors vs Intuitives (how you gather info)
Thinkers vs Feelers (how you make decisions)
Judgers vs Peceivers (how you organize life)
Whats the difference between an ESTJ and ab ESTP?
One is a JUDGER and one is a PERCEIVER.
The judger prefers an organized schedule abd structure planning, while the perceive goes with the flow and doesn't need a schedule.
Give an examples on how our parents can influence us
Their behavior: if they're polite and respectful then you'll usually end up being like them, but if they're disrespectful or have a temper then you might turn out to be a bit of a hot head or you might be a little rude
How do twin studies help us understand nature vs nurture?
Because it compares the data between the two groups
Identical twins - Genetically Identical
Fraternal twins - Shared fetal environment
How do adoption studies help us understand nature vs nurture
Adoption Studies: Compares adopted kid's traits with those of their biological parents (nature) and their adoptive parents (nurture)
What are the two compoents that make you who you are?
Personalitly and traits