ww2 test
Tehran
The first meeting between the big three, in November 1943, was held in Iran, planning for D-day, stalin agreed to declare war on Japan once war in Europe was over
Yalta
The second meeting, located in the soviet union, Feb 1945, D-day was a success, Disarm, De-nazify, divide (four zones), Democratize, stalin was being stubborn about Poland (sphere of influence)
Potsdam
Stalin, Attlee and Truman, Aug 1945, USA reveals weapon, berlin would be divided into four zones, Truman resisted reparations (stalin would take quarter of reparations from each zone), dislike was clear by this point
UN
discussed at Tehran, and first meeting was discussed at Yalta, hq in NYC
The big three
Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt
Conscription
WLM King wanted to avoid dividing country like Borden did in ww1, did not do conscription until pressure amped up and there was a plebiscite in 1942, the vote came out yes, but WLM king only said he would if necessary, wasn't until 1944 that conscription happened
Plebiscite
All eligible citizens make a vote on a matter of national importance (yes or no) - Question was "Will you release the government from their promise of no conscription"
NRMA Conscripts
National Mobilization Act, 1940, a law passed to conscript men to be trained to defend Canada should we ever be attacked, required all males to register for national service
Women during ww2
Acted as radio operators, led ships and planes back after missions, on-site mechanics and wielders, women push for official military services. For the first time married mothers are allowed to work, and children will be sent to daycare, planted seed for feminist movement in the 1970s
rosie the riviter
propaganda created by norman rockwell to encourage women to work during the war, wearing overalls and bandanas - women all over were rosies
Asians - enemy aliens
Canadian Govt confiscated radios and fishing boats from the Japanese in BC, then one week after Pearl Harbour homes and assets were seized, people were detained and taken to camps in Alberta and Manitoba, after the war 10,000 were deported back to japan and others were never allowed back into BC, homes and assets were sold by Govt
Ian Mackenzie
stupid ass member of parliament from BC, "let our slogan be No Japs from the Rockies to the seas"
Liberation of Holland
Dutch were starving as all food was going to German soldiers, Canadians died pushing Germans out and taking care of civilians, the dutch royal family was kept safe in Ottawa, Princess Marguerite was born in Ottawa Hospital, every year thousands of tulips bulbs are sent as a thank you
Victory in europe
April 1945, russian troops entered Berlin, Hitler and most high ranking nazis killed themselves, may 7th is considered victory in Europe day, may 8th all fighting stopped
Manhattan project
secret project to shorten the war using the atomic bomb, theorized by einstein and created by Oppenheimer, uranium was mined in Bear LK, NWT, and refined in port hope, ON, plutonium was made in Montreal laboratories
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Truman warned Japan to surrender or face 'prompt and utter destruction' which they ignored
Hiroshima - August 6, 1945 the US Enola Gay drops the Little Boy on Hiroshima (chosen because army headquarters was there)
Nagasaki - after being ignored, three days later they dropped the Fat Man on Nagasaki
President Truman (USA)
became president in April 1945 after FDR's death, his reasons for dropping the bomb were to repay the destruction of pearl harbour, save American soldiers' lives, showcase of power and their new weapon, cost a lot to make so why not use it
Island Hopping
Americans would attack different islands until they got to mainland Japan, thins out Japanese troops as they had to defend all islands, Iwo Jima (mass suicides), and Okinawa (last campaign before surrender)
Kamikaze
Divine Wind - soldiers go into the plane knowing that they will die, each plane has a specific target, suicide pilots, battle of midway was prime example of this with inexperienced young pilots, US starts to gain the upper hand then
Japan Surrenders
Aug 15, 1945 - peace treaties signed on the USS arizona in Tokyo Bay, japan has a miracle recovery later on thanks to help from americans
discrimination
first stage of the holocaust, Germans boycotted and looted Jewish businesses, Nazi supporters beat jews. They were encouraged to immigrate but often not accepted (in 1939 Canada denied entry of 907 jewish immigrants abord the St. Louis)
Nuremberg laws
second stage of holocaust - 1935 - Jews were legally forbidden to mary non-jews, denied the right to vote, and doctors and lawyers could not practice, citizenship revoked, and segregation
Kristallnacht
Third stage of holocaust (nov 7 1938): the night of broken glass, after jewish student shot a german diplomat hitler ordered his troops to wreak havoc against jews. Synagogues and businesses were destroyed, gestapo arrested 30,000 and took their assets, jews were forced to wear star of david
resettlement
fourth stage of the holocaust - jews were forced out of their homes and into ghettos, could only pack one suitcase, poor areas, made it easier to filter jews into camps
systematic execution
1941-1945: last stage of holocaust, first they were shot by firing squads
Final solution: mass extermination in gas chambers within concentration camps (zyklon B in showers) they sold everything off of jews, bodies were burnt
Holocaust
renamed this by survivors, meant "sacrifice by fire", 6 million died
Poland (holocaust)
most concentration camps were located in poland as they had the largest Jewish population in Europe.
Warsaw Ghetto: jews fought back with weapons there, germans flew over and bombed it
The sitzkrieg
Sitting/phony war: lasted from September 1939-April 1940, nobody was prepared for war, causing Britain and France to take too long to mobilize, Germany took the time to recuperate their army - sitzkrieg ended with the German invasion of Denmark, Norway, Belgium, and the Netherlands
Dunkirk
British Expeditionary forces were sent to help defend france, once france falls the BEF would have nowhere to go, may 26th was declared a national day of prayer and only 20,000 were expected to survive, small boats were given to the government to cross the english channel
Miracles:
1. Hitler halts his tanks, thinking airforce would flatten troops out, did not give any reason for this
2. Thick fog rolled in from Belgium, covering the entire beach, the storm also made english channel waters calm
3. strange immunity - 400 men reported to have been rained down with bullets and everywhere but them was shot
335,000 men rescued
Operation Sealion
hitlers plan to take over all of Britain, battle of Britain was originally going to be preparation for this operation
Battle of britain
Fight between royal airforce (canadian, american and British pilots) and the Luftwaffe, Germans had more planes but they had to go back to refuel constantly, heavy bombing done on london and berlin, British used radar stations to intercept planes and catch them in time, hitler quickly abandons operation
Operation Barbarossa
Planned invasion of russia - june 1941 (because of ego and resources), hitler gave order for german troops despite the scorched earth policy (burn all crops and livestock as they treat and lure germans in)
Pearl Harbour
USA dropped supplies to China, only made Axis powers pay upfront for resources (Lend lease act), threatened oil boycott on japan if they did not leave china alone, in response japan attacks only threat to pacific (hawaii army base in pearl harbour) on December 7th 1941, 2 hour long raid, everything was destroyed (e.g USS Arizona) except for aircraft carriers, USA declares war the next day
Hong Kong
same day as pearl harbour, japanese invaded Hong Kong, C-force Canadians were sent to fight (in need of training), 800 deaths for Canadians, surrender on Christmas day,
Dieppe
August 19th - 5000 canadians invade coast of Dieppe, France, (testing ground for allies, relieve pressure of russia, practice amphibious tactics, weaken and study defences) goal was to take back dieppe and find enigma, poorly planned and huge failure
stalingrad
bloodiest battle in all of history, ego thing for stalin to halt russian troops at stalingrad to fight germans, hitler gives last man standing order, russians push them all the way back to Berlin in 1945
Ortona
Operation Husky - take back italy instead of France to create second front, sometimes considered Canada's stalingrad, Italian troops defeated within a month, german troops sent over and also defeated, Loyal Eddies fought at this battle, Mussolini dies
D-day
Operation overlord: planned invasion of France, Normandy was french city selected, June 6th 1944 was first day, 11 month long campaign, Canadians fought at Juno beach, one of 5 beaches
Blitzkreig
Lighting war, german radio station attack in poland (excuse to invade), bombers, land troops, parachuters create panic, hitler watches from above, Germany attacks from all directions, Britain and France give them an ultimatum to which they deny (war declared on sept 3rd), official surrender from Poland on oct 6th
Nazi-soviet pact
secret pact made between hitler and stalin, 10 year non aggression pact, Germany would give part of Poland to soviets
munich pact
appeasement pact made between Italy, France, and Britain, nevil chamberlain gets hitler to sign a pact saying he would stop invading countries after getting the sudetenland (czechiaslovakia) obvs didn't work and hitler later takes over all of the country
Anschluss
the quiet surrender, pact between austria and Germany, not a single bullet was fired, seen as a happy renuinon between the two countries (was not lol)