atypical gender devlopment
what is atypical gender development
when someone experiences a mismathc between their biological sex and the sex they feel that they are. people hwo have gender identity disorder identify more with the opposite sex. 400000 people in the UK experience this.
what are some social psychological explanations
1. mental illness (coates) case study of a boy who experienced gender identity disorder and anxiety due to trauma that occured of the mother depression following an abortion
2. mother-son relationship (stoller)
father and duaghter relationship (Zucker) females identify as males to gain acceptance form their mathern
3. behvaiouism- operant conditioning
4. psychoanalytic theory (pearson)
eval for social psychological explanation
s- stoller reports that in interviewes with gc males, they were seen to display overly closed mother son relationships that would lead to a greater female indentfication however cant establish a cause and effect in addition gd being caused by seperation anxiety in childhood is difficult to test
s- zucker looked at 115 boys with concerns about their gender. later 64% was diagnosed with seperation anxiety however cole suggested gd is unrelated to trauma. studied 435 people and assessed them for other psyciatric conditions. found these occured no more frequently than the general population
w- the psychanalytic theory does not provide adequate sccoutn for GD for women as it only applies to transgender males. additonally bennet adds that behaviourism migth explan the development of cross gender behaviour but cannot explain the resistance to therapy. has bio factors.
what are biological explanations
the brain sex theory and genetics, phantom limb and cross wing
what is brain sex theory
specific area of the brain is impared which is incompatible with a persons biological sex. area of the brain is diamorphine. ning zhou
whats the effects of gendder
hare looked at dna of 112 male to female trans and foudn they have a longer version of the androgen receptor gene. this affects the reduce affects of testosterone.
what is phantom limb and cross writing
males feel like they should not have a penis and females feel like they should. some female to male trans say they report a sensation of a phantom penis from childhood
eval for bio explanations
s- haylen reviewed data from 23 mz and 21 dz. one member of the pair had been diagnosed with gid. 39% of the mz were concordant for gid compared to none of the dz however mz is only 39% it should be higher
s- green and fleming found that hormonal treatment was sucessful 87% for females and 97% for males. biological treatment suggets a biological basis. however glause reported few diffs between gd men, straight men and gay men in terms ofn hormones.