NBCD 3
The organ that determines the metabolic fate of each absorbed nutrient.
liver
The passage of digestion products through the intestinal mucosa into the blood and lymph systems.
absorption
All the physical and chemical changes undergone by food in the body to make it absorbable.
digestion
Which of the following has the highest pH?
pancreatic juice
It breaks a disaccharide into glucose and galactose.
lactase
Saturated fatty acids _____.
are fully loaded with hydrogens.
The following statements about lecithin are true except:
it is an essential nutrient
Chylomicrons are produced in the:
gallbladder
If an essential amino acid needed to make a protein is unavailable, the cells must:
breakdown proteins to obtain it
Protein turnover describes the amount of protein that is _____.
synthesized and degraded.
Hydrolysis is an example of a/an:
catabolic reaction
The pathway from pyruvate to acetyl CoA _______.
is metabolically irreversible.
When an amino acids deaminates, it produces:
ammonia and a keto acid
A bomb calorimeter measures:
kilocalories a person derives from foods
The thermic effect of an 800-kcal meal is about _____.
80 kcalories
With weight loss, fat cells:
decrease in size only
The form of vitamin A that is active in vision.
retinal
To keep minerals available in the blood, vitamin D targets:
the intestines, the kidneys, and the bones
A significant amount of vitamin K comes from:
bacterial synthesis
It is a non-reducing sugar.
sucrose
In the digestion of a complex carbohydrate, water is added and simple sugars are obtained through the
process of _______.
hydrolysis
This carbohydrate is a long unbranched chain of beta-glucose molecules that is undigestible to humans.
cellulose
This amino acid can form a special covalent bond called a disulfide bond.
cysteine
This is a branched-chain amino acid.
isoleucine
What reaction allows several amino acids to join together and form a protein?
condensation reaction
It is a conditionally essential amino acid.
tyrosine
Ammonia is a nitrogenous waste product of protein metabolism and is harmful especially in high
concentrations in the human body. Urea cycle is a means to detoxify and to prevent the accumulation of
ammonia in the body by converting it to urea, and eventually excreted in the urine. How many moles of
nitrogen enter the urea cycle in every turn?
2
Waxes are ______.
esters of monohydric alcohols and a fatty acid.
Fatty acids most commonly found in animal fats.
stearic acid
Histone is a type of:
simple protein
It is a saturated fatty acid.
palmitic acid
The site of fermentation of undigested residues such as fibers.
large intestine
An enzyme that is common in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is:
aldolase
A pathway/step of carbohydrate metabolism that is stimulated by insulin in muscles but not in liver.
glucose transport
In the digestive tract, disaccharides such as sucrose are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides mainly by enzymes located in the:
brush border of the small intestine
Pancreatic juice contains the following enzyme/s:
trypsinogen
This protease, secreted by the pancreas, cleaves proteins on the carboxyl side of aromatic side chains.
chymotrypsin
Tests for an elderly vegetarian patient indicate pernicious and megaloblastic anemia resulting from
abnormally large “macrocytic” red blood cells that undergo rapid hemolysis. These results are most
probably related to a deficiency in:
folacin and cobalamin
It is not an essential amino acid.
alanine
The molecule most directly linked to the initiation of atherosclerotic plaques:
oxidized cholesterol
The main function of the pentose phosphate pathway is to:
supply pentoses and NADPH
An enzymatic reaction that is most similar to the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is catalyzed by:
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Source/s of goitrogen
cauliflower
The sum of the processes by which living organisms utilize food for energy, growth and development,
and maintenance.
nutrition
The science that deals with functions of living organisms or their parts.
physiology
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water to 1°C.
kilocalorie
Types of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of bonds between carbon atoms and another atom by adding
water.
hydrolases
The largest of the organelles within the cell, regulating most of the cell’s activities.
nucleus
A cell structure that removes and recycles waste products.
lysosome
Organs of the gastrointestinal tract except:
stomach