Mitosis (Pre-IB SC 9)
State: What is mitosis?
The process of CELL DUPLICATION in which the NUCLEAR CONTENTS divide, and two GENETICALLY IDENTICAL DAUGHTER cells are formed.
What is mitosis in respect to the cell cycle?
Mitosis is the shortest stage. (10%)
What is a common acronym to remember the stages of mitosis?
PMAT (Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
What happens to the CHROMOSOMES in early prophase?
- Chromosomes coil and thicken
- Become distinct from one another, now they are visible
- Doubled throughout their length
The nucleolus ___________ in early prophase.
Dissapears
What happens to the centrioles in early prophase?
- They SEPERATE and START to move to the opposite ends of the cell (they're not there yet!)
- A spindle made of microtubules BEGINS to form.
The nuclear membrane __________ in late prophase.
Disappears
What happens to the centrioles in late prophase?
- Move to the opposite poles
- They complete their spindle (out of microtubules)
In late prophase, the chromosomes ________ to the spindle fibres at their ___________.
- attatch
- centromere
What does a cell in metaphase look like?
- Each chromosme is attatched to a spindle fibre at its centromere
- The centrioles are at OPPOSITE sides of the cell
- The spindle fibres will push and pull the chromosomes
- The chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell ("Meta" "Middle")
In anaphase, the microtubules begin to ________ and this pulls the __________ apart to opposite ends of the cell. Once they seperate, each __________ ___________ is considered to be a _____________.
- Shorten
- Chromatids
- Sister chromatid
- Chromosome
What does the end of anaphase look like?
The two ends of the cell have EQUIVALENT and COMPLETE sets of chromosomes.
When you see me, you'll notice that one complete set of chromosomes is at each pole of the cell. What am I?
Telophase
What happens to the spindle fibres in telophase?
They disappear :0
In telophase, a _____________ forms around each set of chromosomes. A _____________ appears within each nucleus.
Now what are there? (Cell is ready to divide)
- Nuclear membrane
- Nucleolus
- What are there: Two nuclei in one cell
True or false. Cytokinesis and telophase happen seperately.
FALSE
- Cytokinesis happens in CONJUNCTION with telophase
In cytokinesis, the _____ nuclei are __________ into ______ daughter cells. These new cells are __________ to the original parent cell.
- two
- seperated
- two
- IDENTICAL
Starting cells in mitosis are diploid or haploid? What about the ending cells?
-Start: Diploid
-End: Two diploid cells, genetically identical to the parent
When does our body need to use mitosis?
When it needs to grow or repair.