health and social- promoting positive beh
What should practitioners take into account with challenging behaviour?
- Should show that they are rejecting the behaviour and not the child
- Some behaviour is accpetable in certain cultures but not others
- Practitioners and parents nfluence children's behaviour in both positive and negative ways
- It is important that adults role model and demo positive behaviour
- Expectations of behaviour should be based on: age, abilities, developmental stage, family background and prior experiences
- Need to learn behaviour in the same way they learn physical and cognitive skills
- Learn behaviour in a social context e.g. family home
- Need encouragement and praise to reinforce positive behaviour
What aspects are there to promoting psitive behaviour?
A learning environment that is positive and supportive
Strategies for building skills and strengthening positive behaviours
Strategies for decreasing undesired behaviour
What should be included in a positive and supportive learning environment?
- Uses positive behaviour management techniques and rules
- Follows routines
- Sets expectations, limits and boundries
- Promotes choice, responsibility and independence
Explain positive behaviour management techniques and rules?
Need to know what is expected of them
Childcare practitioners will model appropriate behaviour
Should feel confident to playand develop without being bullied or discriminated against
Positive reinforcement
Consistent rules
Explain how following routines creates a positive learning environment?
Sets procedures for handling daily occurances
For example:
- Lining up to enter classroom
- Knowingwhether to put hand up when awnsering a question
- Seating plan
- Repetitive structure of the day
Children know what to expect and understand appropriate behaviour
Children feel safe and secure
Notice should be given when routines change
Why should expectations, limits and boundries be set to create a positive learning environment?
What practitioners expect of children
Discipline in an appropriate manner if expectations are not met
Reduces chances of child becomming overwhelemed
Why should childcare settings promote choice, responsibility and independence to create a positive learning environment?
Responsibilities like tidying up
Choices like deciding what to play
Independence like putting on their coat without help
Makes them feel confident in their own abilities
What strategies are there for building skills and strengthening positive behaviour?
- Reward charts/cards
- Positive reinforcement: praise the good and ignore the negative
Antecedents, behaviours and consequences charts (ABC charts)
What are things that practitioners should not do when managing behaviour in a childcare setting?
- Never humilate or isolate a child
- Do not shout
- Make inappropriate expectations
What should practitioners do when managing behaviour in a childcare setting?
- Give one to one adult support
- Make it clear that it is the childs behaviour and not the child that is unwelcomed
- Focus on praising wanted behaviour
Why are reward charts good?
Visible way to show what positive behaviour should be achieved
Works through reinforcement
Why should positive reinforcement be used in a childcare setting?
Should focus on the positives in a child's behaviour and ignore the negatives
Increases positive behaviour
Why should ABC charts be used?
Antecendents:
The development of events, the contributing factors, and sometimes the triggers that lead to a child's behaviour
Behaviours:
The response of the child as a reaction to the antecndant
Consequences:
What happens after the behaviour that makes it more or less likely the behaviour will be respeated
Practitioners can amend routines, to take into account triggers, so that a child wont have to experience that trigger again
Younger children often misbehave when they are tired or hungry. Practitioners should plan activities around food and nap time
What are the strategies for decreasing undesired behaviours?
- key person approach
- planned ignoring
- redirecting/ distracting
- direct statement
- quiet time
- SEAL (social and emotional aspects of learning)
- SULP (social use of language programme)
- thrive
- counselling
- restorative practices
- managing the environment
- being consistent
- staying calm
- behaviour or routine
- continuing observations
What is a key person approach?
Each child assigned a named person who is primarily responsible for creating a close relationship
Nursery- greeted with key worker in morning
They provide a summary of behaviour and learning
They continuinally observe the child and identify causes of behavioural problems etc.
What is planned ignoring?
Not giving the attention to minor attention seeking behaviour to encourage behaviour to die out
What is redirecting/directing?
Refocus the child away from what they are currently doing
What is directive statement?
A clear instruction to the child to stop certain behaviour or start something else
What is quiet time?
Asking children to move away to another or quiter area to calm down
Once they have calmed down, this time should be used to talk to the child about their behaviour
What is SEAL (social and emotional aspects of learning)?
Improving social emotional and behavioural skills to help develop sef awareness, empathy, social skills and manage feelings
What is SULP?
Social use of language programme
Supports communication skills in schools
An intervention that enhances communication and awareness skills through teaching modules that focus on different aspects communication
e.g. eye contact, turn taking, listening, anger management and solving conflict
What is thrive?
Providing children and young people with knowledge, skills and tools to promote social and emotional development
Teaches them to deal with stress
What is counselling?
Helps older children understand their behaviour and offers a safe, confidential and non judgemental space in which young people can discuss any issues that are upsetting them
Methods include: talking therapy, behavioural therapy etc.
What is restorative practices?
A way of working with conflict that puts the focus on repairing the harm that has been done
Allows children to develop empathy- actions impact others
What is managing the environment?
A well managed learning environment:
- Uses positive behaviour management techniques and rules
- Follows routines
- Sets expectations, limits and boundries
- Promotes choice, responsibility and independence
What is meant by 'staying consistent?'
Setting clear boundries so that school feels fair and safe
What is meant by 'staying calm?'
Staff should never humilate, segregate or isolate children as a way of managing children's behaviour to stop low self esteem
DO NOT SHOUT- as children will imitate thinking behaviour is acceptable
Practitioners should ignore unwanted behaviour and focus on praising the wanted behaviour instead
What are behaviour or routine cards?
Display images for the behaviour or actions you would like children to follow in any given activity or setting
What is continuing observations?
Carefully observing, monitoring and recording the behaviour, actions and condition of individuals
Assesses needs and provides appropriate care
What are the mains ways childcare settings should promote positive behaviour?
Modelling
Setting boundries
Consistency
Reinforcement
Creating an environment for good behaviour
What is modelling?
Uses banduras social learning theory that children often imitate adult behaviour
Practitioners and parents follow their own behavioural rules and model appropriate behaviour so that children follow suit
For example, politeness and respect, sharing, staying calm when upset
Why are boundries set?
keep children safe, secure and cared for
Praise should be rewarded for staying within boundries
Prevent harm
Must be age appropriate and explained
Play outside, but dont tread on flower beds
What is reinforcement?
Positive reifnorcement: rewards good behaviour and ignoring bad behaviour
Based on the theorists Pavlov and Skinner
Works to condition children into good behaviour
What is a behavioural policy?
Avaliable to all staff and parents
Should include what is expected of children, how staff should react to negative behaviour and reinforce positive behaviour
Policy creates rules for behaviour that is approprite for the afe and developmental stage of the child
Should have:
justified expectations
childrens input
express rules positively
include rules about group behaviours
promoting resilience strategies
explains what is meant by behaviour that challenges
includes strategis and interventions