PE: Acute responses
What are acute responses
When There is an increased demand for O² and energy substrates, the Cardio-vascular, respiratory and muscular systems respond to meet these needs.
role Respiratory system
to take in oxygen and remove by-products
Respiratory Acute response Ventilation
At rest amount of air we breath per minute 4-15liters increases when exercising 15-30 times greater then at rest increase in ventilation because increase in tidal volume and respiratory rate TVXRR=V
Effect on exercise
It increases exercise because increase the volume of oxygen in the lungs that can be diffused into the blood and transported to the working muscles
Respiratory Acute response diffusion
diffusion
The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide to an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Occurs in the alveoli of the lungs and the muscle capillaries
Effect on exercise
Increased capacity why it happens because In order to increase the transfer of oxygen into the blood stream and delivery to the muscle cells. Also to dispose carbon dioxide which is produce as a result of the aerobic energy system
role of Cardiovascular system
Cardiovascular system: to transport and deliver oxygen to the skeletal muscles
Cardiovascular Acute response Cardiac Output
The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute The product of stroke volume x heart rate
Effect on exercise
Increase because more blood can be ejected out of the heart per minute and therefore more oxygen can be delivered to the muscles
Cardiovascular Acute response blood pressure
The amount of pressure exerted on the arteries when the ventricles contract (systolic) and relax (diastolic)
Effect on exercise
Systolic increases, diastolic stays the same because more blood is being pumped out per beat/minute and therefore it causes an increase in pressure
Cardiovascular Acute responses Venous Return
The amount of blood that is returned back to the heart via the veins
Effects on exercise
Increases because an increase in cardiac output can take place. With more blood being delivered to the heart more can be pumped back out again for the delivery of oxygen to the muscles and carbon dioxide to the lungs
Cardiovascular Acute response Blood volume
Blood volume
The amount of volume of blood which helps deliver oxygen better by red blood cells
Effect on exercise
Decreases because its a consequence of sweating
Cardiovascular Acute response Redistribution of blood flow
The redirection of blood away from areas where it is not needed like kidneys to areas where it is working muscles
Effect on exercise
Redistribution because To increase the amount of oxygen being delivered to the organs that need it during exercise Increasing blood flow to the skin helps the regulation of body temperature through heat exchange with environment.
Cardiovascular Acute response Oxygen Consumption
Oxygen Consumption
The volume of oxygen that can be taken up and used by the body
Effect on exercise
Increases because To increase the amount of oxygen that is delivered and used by the working muscles
Role of Muscular system
Muscular system: to uptake and utilise the available oxygen
Muscular Acute responses Increased blood flow to working muscles
The amount of blood that is delivered to the working muscles
Effect on exercise
Increases because to deliver more blood to the working muscles and there needs to be more oxygen
Muscular Acute responses Energy Substrates
Energy Substrates
The chemicals that are required to resynthesis (Refill) ATP i.e. PC, glycogen, triglycerides
Effect on exercise
Decreases because Once ATP stores are depleted, PC, muscle glycogen and muscle triglycerides are all used to resynthesise ATP and so they get used up
Muscular acute response Lactate
A biproduct of anaerobic glycolysis
effect on exercise
Increases at the start of exercise then remains constant when production = removal
Increases past the lactate inflection point because It is produced at the start of exercise because the body cannot deliver enough oxygen to the working muscles to resynthesis ATP aerobically.
Muscular acute responses Body Temperature
A change in the temperature of the body
Effect on exercise
Increases until it is controlled by
-Sweat glands produce sweat
-Increased blood flow to skin (via vasodilation widening of blood cells)
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