computer
is a request for data or information from a database table or a combination of tables
query
is the standard query format used by many database management system (DBMS)
structured query language (SQL)
is collection of related objects created by the user,such as tables,views,domains,constrainst and triggers among others.
schema
they are components of statements and queries
clauses
they produce scalar values or tables which consist of columns and rows of data
expression
they are the names of the database object like tables,views and columns.
object names
they coulb be numeric or string values
values
are reserve word or character used to perform operation as arithmetic and comparison
operators
it defines the database schema and is used to create and modify the structures of database objects in the database by creating,altering and dropping tables and views.
data definition language(DDL) commands
it is used to perform database maintenance,such as inserting,updaring,modifying,and querying data in the database.
Data manipulation language(DML)commands
it is used by the database administrator (DBA)to protect the database from corruption and security by controlling the rights and permission such as to grant or to revoke previleges for accessing the database
Data control language(DCL)commands
is a tool that presents a graphical interface for managing,configuring,monitoring and administering instances of the SQL server.
SQL SERVER MANAGEMENT SUDIO(SSMS)
is a microsoft product that is free and does not require an SQL server licens to install and use
SSMS
is the default instance of the SQL server
server type
is the default name or instance of the SQL server
server name
is a windows authentication to establish a connection with the SQL server
authentication
you can alter or view
object explorer
SQL objects in the left side
Document window
is a collection of facts such as numbers,words,measurements, observation or just a description of things.
data
is a mechanism to access a computer system that is secured
login or logon
is a unique code which is entered and only known by the authorized user
password
for values where the precision a nd scale need to be preserved
exact numerics
allow you to specify precision or the total number of digits allowable
approximate numerics
allows you to store date
datetime or samll datetime
any number or letter that will not have a math
character strings
variable-length non-unicode data
text
store binary data
binary strings
prevents/detects/deters improper disclosure of information
confidentiality
prevents/detects/deters improper modification on information
integrity
prevents/detects/deters improper denial of access to services
availability
it is a way to translate data into a coded form,making it readable only to those who have a passkey or password
data encryption
it is the ability to uniquely identify a user of a system on an application that is running in system
user identification
it is a mechanism that verifies a user or application claiming who or what they really are
authentication
it is a mechanism that limits access only to those authorized individual or application to protect critical resources in a system
authorization
it is the ability of the system to record all activities and have a process in place to review them to check
auditing
it is the mechanism that allows you to back up or save a copy of the database in another offline storage media location
backup solutions
SQL LANGGUAGE ELEMENTS
clauses
expression
predicates
object names
values
operators
TYPES OF SQL COMMANDS
DDL-Data definition language command.
DML-Data manipulation language command.
DCL-Data Control language command.
WINDOW IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS:
Object explorer
Document window
GENERAL DATA TYPES USED IN SQL
-Exact numeric
-approximate numerics
-Datetime or small datetime
-Character strings
-text
-binary strings
BASIC DATABASE SECURITY OBJECTIVES:
Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
SOME MECHANISM OF PROVIDING DATA SECURITY:
Data encryption
User identification
Authentication
Authorization
Auditing
Back up solutions
4 BASIC DDL COMMANDS:
Create
Use
Alter
Drop