java chapter 5
pseudocode
a tool that helps programmers plan a program’s logic by writing plain English statements without concern for programming language syntax.
flowchart
a tool that helps programmers plan a program’s logic by writing the steps in diagram form, as a series of shapes connected by arrows.
sequence structure
a logical structure in which one step follows another unconditionally.
decision structure
a logical structure that involves choosing between alternative courses of action based on some value within a program.
if statement
a single-alternative selection statement.
single-alternative selection
a decision structure that performs an action, or not, based on one alternative.
equivalency operator ( == )
the operator composed of two equal signs that compares values and returns true if they are equal.
empty statement
a statement that contains only a semicolon.
if…else statement
a dual-alternative selection statement.
dual-alternative selection
a selection that results in one of two possible courses of action.
if clause
the part of an if...else statement that executes when the evaluated Boolean expression is true.
else clause
the part of an if...else statement that executes when the evaluated Boolean expression is false.
nested if statements
describes if statements when one is contained within another.
compound Boolean expression
an expression that contains an AND or OR operator.
compound condition
the condition that is tested in a compound Boolean expression.
logical AND operator ( && )
an operator used between Boolean expressions to determine whether both are true; written as two ampersands.
logical OR operator ( || )
an operator used between Boolean expressions to determine whether either expression is true; written as two pipes.
short-circuit evaluation
describes the feature of the AND and OR operators in which evaluation is performed only as far as necessary to make a final decision.
side effect
any action in a method other than returning a value.
function
a method with no side effect, in some programming languages.
range check
a series of statements that determine within which of a set of ranges a value falls.
else…if clause
a format used in nested if statements in which each instance of else and its subsequent if are placed on the same line.
switch statement
a statement that uses up to four keywords to test a single variable against a series of exact integer or character values. The keywords are switch, case, break, and default.
switch expression
an alternative to the switch statement that can be used when all cases result in an assignment to the same variable.
conditional operator
an operator that requires three expressions separated with a question mark and a colon; the operator is used as an abbreviated version of the if...else structure.
ternary operator
Definition:
an operator that needs three operands.
NOT operator ( ! )
the operator that negates the result of any Boolean expression.