Psychological Disorders: Treatment
What are some barriers to mental health treatment?
- people who don't think they need it
- culture
- finances
- clinical availability
- beliefs
- stigma around psychotherapy
- transportation
What are 2 different approaches to treatment?
biomedical
- drugs, electroconvulsive and psychosurgery
Psychotherapy
- CBT
Describe the biomedical approaches to treatment
- Medications to regulate our neurotransmitters
- treating the symptoms, not the cause
what is the relationship between neurotransmitters and anxiety?
benzodiazepines:
--> increases the amount of or function of GABA
--> switches amygala off
--> think: Adivan
--> very addictive, can develop a tolerance
- SSRI's
--> increases the amount of seratonin in the synapse
--> reduces the reuptake of seratoin
What is the relationbship between neurotransmitters and deppression?
- Monoamine oxidase inhibiters
--> stops neurottransmitters from being broken down
--> increases amount of seratonin in the body
- Tricyclics
--> stops reuptake of norepinephrine and seratonin
-->broad range of side effects
- SSRI's
--> works specifically on seratonin
--> takes 2 weeks/months to start working
--> reduced sex drive, weight gain nausea
- SNRI's
--> Seratonin and Norepinephrine reptake inhibitors
What is the relationship between neurotransmitters and bipolar disorder?
- Mood stabilizers
--> lithium
--> helps regulate signals across the neuron
------> think: mania, thinking too fast; lithium slows down
--> only works in 1/3 of the population
What is the relationship between neurotransmitters and Schizophrenia?
mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways
antipsychotics - block dopamine, reduces positive symptoms
--> mesolimbic
--> can show the side effect: Tardive Dyskinesia
Atypical antipsychotics
--> focuses on negative symptoms by regulating seratonin and dopamine pathways
What is Psychoanalysis?
- Freudian
--> psychological dysfunction is the result of childhood trauma
Free association:
--> Resistance: ego's hesitation to talk about certain topics; coming late to sessions
Dream Analysis:
--> id says what it's allowed to say, superego puts a weird twist on it
How long does psychoanalysis work? how often can patients have sessions?
can take years
- 3-6
up to 4-5 sessions per week
What is Humanism?
- potential for human growth
- focuses on current relationships and conscious processes
Nondirective therapy - therapist does not provide feedback or advice
Person comes to their own realizations
Active listening:
- Acknowledges, restates, paraphrases, clarifies what client is saying
- Listens with empathy with unconditional positive regard
--> client does not feel judge
What is common between psychoanalysis and humanism?
both are insight therapies
What is Behavioural therapy?
behaviours are learned and can be unlearned (counter conditioning)
Aversive conditioning and exposure therapy
What is cognitive therapy? What are the 3 main cognitive distortions?
Base assumption: how you think determines how you act
What is CBT?
change how we think
change how we act
combination of cognitive and behavioural therapy
Why is psychotherapy not enough?
Therapy combined with medication is the most effective form of treatment
Which psychotherapy is most effective?
CBT gold standard
humanism is also chill
same with modern psychoanalysis