chp2 Pre methods of teaching grammar
according to him "for novice teachers, in particular, methods offer a lifeline"
Scott Thombury
Methods of Teaching Grammar
it is visualizing how to fit together the different parts of a sentence. the subject of a clause goes in one slot, the verb in another and so on. words that modify another word are attached to the word they modify. it forces the learners to identify the logical connections between different parts of the sentence.
diagramming sentences
it refers to issues in teaching grammar and one of these issues is if grammar should be taught and if so what grammar, when and how. deserve as the valuable purpose of problematizing this aspect of language pedagogy.
pedagogical issues
what are the basic rules in diagramming sentences
1. identify the _
2. place the _,_&_ together and underline them.
3. separate the _ from the _ with a vertical line that crosses the underline.
4. separate the _ from the _ with the vertical line that does not cross the underline.
sentence elements
subject, verb and direct object
subject, verb
direct object, verb
Methos of Teaching Grammar
it can provide a unique opportunity to develop critical thinking skills. it also promotes both critical thinking and learning. we do this a communicate or transactional writing to accomplish something such as to _,_,_
learning through writing
to inform
instruct
persuade
this example of learning through writing uses the students to use the first half of page of an open notebook to practice no thing key details, while the other half of the page students jot down questions they have in connection with the readings.
the reading journal
what are the four steps in inductive teaching
1. present several examples that illustrate a particular concept
2. students must observe how the concept works from this examples
3. concept must not be explained beforehand
4. students are expected to recognize the rule of grammar in a more natural way
Methos of Teaching Grammar
it's main goal is the retention of grammar concepts with teachers using techniques that are known to work cognitively and make an impression on students contextual memory. this is also known as the specific to general teaching.
inductive teaching
Methos of Teaching Grammar
this focuses on instruction before practice. this type of teaching has many people rethink such methods as more post secondary level students are revealing subpar literacy skills in adulthood. it drives away the students from writing because of tediousness of wrote learning and teacher centered approaches. this is also known as general to specific.
deductive teaching
what are the two steps in deductive teaching
1. a teacher gives an _ of a grammatical concept before students could encounter the same grammatical concept in their _.
2. after the lesson, students _ what they have just been shown through _.
in-depth explanation, own writing
practice, worksheets and exercises
Methods in Teacher Grammar
it allows teachers to tailored their lessons to the different learning styles of the students. an example is when teacher gave flashcards with a word and students arrange it in proper sentence or other games and puzzles.
interactive teaching
Methods in Teacher Grammar
when designing a lesson teachers often choose a real world situation as their "notion" and choose corresponding functions to teach to prefers students to communicate in that situation in the lesson.
functional-national approach
Methods in Teacher Grammar
this is the situations where students use english language.
_,_&_ said context can be linguistic in situational. _ is about the information that was formally written or spoken and _ is the general knowledge that a person has of the world.
situational contexts
fromkin, rodman, hyams
linguistic context
situational context
Methods in Teacher Grammar
there are different ways of using songs in the classroom. level of the students, the interests and the age of the learners, the grammar point to be studied and the song itself have determinant roles on the procedure.
using texts, stories, songs and rhymes
Methods in Teacher Grammar
it is a deductive approach often fits into a lesson structure which is actually known as _,_,_ this is when the teacher presents the target language and then give students opportunity to practice it through controlled activities. _ involves building a situation that requires a natural and logical use of a new language (students know what they will learn and why) _ involves testing and procedures so students can be familiar with the language (it can make them use the new language) _ it is the most important stage where students have made the transition from learners to becoming users of the language.
PPP
presentation
practice
production
Modes of teaching grammar
students must be familiar about the use of structures so that they will understand.
linguistic mode
Modes of teaching grammar
_ maintained that students must know about the use of structures so that they will understand the consequences of their choices because the grammatical system offers its users choices and how they wish to realize meanings and positions themselves ideologically and socially.
linguistic mode
larsen-freeman
Modes of teaching grammar
a grammar lesson is not complete without an application stage. _ shared that application is believed to require "volume and repetition" that is learners need to be given adequate opportunities to use the items to be learnt as much as possible. teachers should help learners make the leap from form focus accuracy to meaning focus fluency.
story-telling mode
Ur 1988
Modes of teaching grammar
_ he said that storytelling mode is an effective way to apply what the students learn to real communication.
Ur 1996
other term for PPP
deductive approach