Second New Deal 1933-38
What kind of laws did half of the 48 states have concerning married women during the Depression?
Banning their employment
What happened to many farm properties when farmers could not meet their mortgage payments during the Depression?
Mortgages were foreclosed
What approach did President Hoover encourage for helping those in need, relying on voluntary organizations?
Voluntarism
Compared to white people, how much more likely were Black Americans to be unemployed during the Depression?
4-6 times
What were the shantytowns where millions of Americans lived after losing their homes called?
Hoovervilles
How many banks failed between 1929 and 1932, leading to significant economic contraction?
Over 10,000
Which region suffered the most geographically during the Depression, particularly due to its traditional industries and agriculture?
The agricultural South
Which act was part of President Hoover's response to the Great Depression between 1929 and 1933?
The Smoot-Hawley Tariff
Which of these was a primary focus of Roosevelt's First New Deal policies (1933-35)?
Reforming the financial system
What was the approximate unemployment rate reached in the USA in 1933 during the Great Depression?
25%
Approximately how many Hispanic Americans were forced to leave the United States due to the drop in agricultural demand and discrimination?
Around 500,000
By what percentage did industrial production fall between 1929 and 1932?
46%
What was one major economic indicator that experienced a significant collapse between 1929 and 1932?
Gross Domestic Product
By how much did the real GNP fall from 1929 to 1933, according to the notes?
From $977 billion to $746 billion
The Wagner Act, passed in 1935, primarily addressed which area?
Industrial relations
What did Hoover primarily identify as the cause of the Depression?
World economic conditions and WWI impacts
How many US states had an unemployment insurance system prior to 1932?
Zero states had any system
How much money did Hoover secure from Congress in 1932 for relief agencies?
Half a million dollars
When was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) formally established?
During January of nineteen thirty-two
The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 focused on which specific area of reform?
Implementing new bank regulations
The Federal Home Loan Bank Act of June 1932 was designed to prevent what?
Mortgage foreclosures and property evictions
Hoover's concept of 'Rugged Individualism' implied what role for government?
Enabling individuals to solve problems independently
According to Ogden Mills, what percentage of RFC money went to small and medium-sized banks?
Approximately ninety percent
What significant barrier did Hoover encounter in taking decisive action?
Belief that the economy would naturally recover
The Bonus Army incident occurred close to the passage of which legislative act?
The Emergency Relief and Construction Act
In June 1931, what action did Hoover take regarding the collection of war debts?
He postponed collection for an eighteen-month period
What was Herbert Hoover's professional background before entering politics?
An engineer and successful businessman
What was the main purpose of the Emergency Relief and Construction Act of 1932?
To provide assistance to the unemployed
In what year was the Fair Labor Standards Act introduced?
Nineteen thirty-eight
The Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930 raised tariffs on imports to what percentage?
Approximately forty percent
What was a significant impact of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff on international trade?
A devastating decline in international trade
How much was the Emergency Relief and Construction Act authorized to give state governments for public works?
One and a half billion dollars
Journalist Walter Lippman criticized the ERC Act for what reason?
Only assisting a small fraction of the jobless
To whom did the RFC initially provide loans?
Banks, railroads, and other businesses
Which act was primarily intended to regulate the stock exchange?
The Truth in Securities Act
What was the main objective of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) during the First New Deal?
To raise crop prices by reducing production
What iconic phrase did Franklin D. Roosevelt use in his 1933 inaugural address to inspire confidence?
The only fear is fear itself
What was a significant outcome or criticism related to the National Recovery Administration (NRA)?
It was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
What significant change did the First 100 Days of the New Deal bring to the US government's role?
It transformed federal government activity
What was the primary reason Franklin D. Roosevelt refused to cooperate with President Hoover during the "lame duck" period before his inauguration?
He wanted all the credit himself
Which group of people did the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) primarily aim to help, and for what main purpose?
Young men for environmental projects
What was the approximate number of electoral votes Franklin D. Roosevelt received in the 1932 presidential election?
472 electoral votes
What innovative method did Franklin D. Roosevelt use to communicate directly with the American public and build support for his policies?
Regular "fireside chats" on radio
How did the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) distribute funds to states for unemployment relief?
Matching $1 for every $3 spent by states
Which three core objectives did Franklin D. Roosevelt's "New Deal" primarily aim to achieve?
Relief, Recovery, and Reform
Which entity was established by the Glass-Steagall Act to insure individual bank deposits up to $5,000?
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
What was the name of Huey P. Long's program that proposed a radical redistribution of wealth?
"Share Our Wealth" program.
What was the main purpose of the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC), established by the Securities Act 1934?
To oversee stock market activities and prevent fraud.
The Glass-Steagall Act aimed to prevent future banking collapses by banning banks from what specific activity?
Speculative investment practices.
The Revenue Act of August 1935 significantly increased the income tax rate for incomes over $5 million to what range?
From 63% to 79%.
What was the primary action taken by President Roosevelt on March 6th, 1933, to address the financial crisis?
Ordered a nationwide bank holiday for four days.
One criticism of the Glass-Steagall Act was that some felt it gave too much power to which regulatory body?
The Federal Reserve Board.
How much money had savers returned to bank deposits by April 1st, following the implementation of the Emergency Banking Relief Act?
Exactly one billion dollars.
A significant political motivation for the Revenue Act of 1935, described as a "political showpiece," was to thwart the influence of which prominent critic of the New Deal?
Huey P. Long, a populist senator.
Through what medium did Father Coughlin primarily criticize the New Deal and advocate for monetary reforms?
National radio broadcasts.