changing class and social values
According to the notes, who was primarily responsible for the demand for many of the liberal laws passed in the 1960s?
Members of Parliament like Roy Jenkins.
The Abortion Act was passed largely due to what kind of consequences?
Impractical consequences of current legislation.
What was a primary focus of David Steel during the debate for the 1967 Abortion Act?
The high number of deaths from unsafe abortions.
What did the 'Sex and Marriage in England Today' study (1971) find regarding marriage rates?
Most women and men were married before age 45.
Why was the 1967 Sexual Offences Act passed, decriminalizing homosexual acts in private?
It was seen as a medical illness, not a crime.
What significant change did the 1969 Divorce Reform Act introduce regarding divorce?
It removed the need to prove 'fault' for divorce.
What did the 1965 and 1971 studies on sexual behavior suggest about the 'sexual revolution' in Britain?
It was largely exaggerated in its impact.
What was a key provision of the 1959 Obscene Publications Act regarding 'serious works of art'?
It allowed 'obscene' content only for elite audiences.
What is an example from the notes suggesting that some liberal laws went against the views of the British public?
The majority favoring capital punishment after 1965.
How did WW2 contribute to more liberal attitudes according to the 'Evidence For' section?
It undermined traditional values by separating couples.
The Nationwide Festival of Light, held in Hyde Park in 1971, was staged to promote what?
Christian morality
In what year did the Sexual Offences Act legalize homosexual relations in private between men aged 21+?
1967
Between 1967 and 1972, the number of men arrested for 'public indecency' did what?
Treble
Mary Whitehouse's 1964 Clean-Up TV petition gained how many signatures?
500,000 signatures
Margaret Thatcher became increasingly outspoken about her disdain for what type of society?
Permissive society
Which pop star released the single 'Glad to be Gay' in 1976, reaching no. 18 on the charts?
Tom Robinson
The high-profile trial of Lord Montagu and Peter Wildeblood led to growing public perception that the state should not regulate what?
Consenting adult acts
According to a 1963 poll, what percentage of the public thought that homosexuality was an illness?
93%
By the early 2000s, most British people felt it was not wrong to be gay, indicating a significant shift in what?
Public opinion
In what year was a British branch of the Gay Liberation Front set up?
1971
What was a reason for the lack of widespread working class protest between the wars?
A substantial fall in TU membership
Which of these factors indicated the middle class moving from 'strength to strength'?
Expansion of home ownership
According to Ross McKibbin, what was an impact of the Second World War on working class political culture?
A universalised working class political culture
Which term describes the lowest stratum of the working class, often unskilled?
The residuum
What was a characteristic of the Trade Union movement between the wars?
It suffered from regional variations
Why did expected working class gains often fail to materialize after the wars?
Because of continued housing problems
Which individual is associated with the demand for liberal laws concerning homosexuality and abortion?
Roy Jenkins
How did the middle classes generally perceive the working class?
With fear of privilege erosion and blame
According to Marwick, what was the impact of the Second World War on the working class?
A profound and lasting change with inclusion
What was a traditional means of income and a title that divided the upper and middle classes?
Land ownership and inherited wealth
Which of the following helped blur class boundaries after 1918?
Mass education and welfare
How did the middle classes generally view the working class?
With a sense of moral superiority.
Which factor contributed to the middle class going from 'strength to strength'?
Growth in membership in middle-class jobs.
What was the traditional divide between the upper and middle classes based on?
Land ownership and titles
How did the older element of the upper classes lose political power?
By a reduction of power in the Lords.
What was a significant factor contributing to the growth of the middle class by 1979?
Changes in employment
What was one key financial impact of the First World War on the landed elite?
Significant increases in death duties
What was 'the season' primarily known for among the upper classes?
Social events and hunting
How did social events contribute to the dilution of the upper classes?
They allowed wealthier middle class to participate.
By 1937, what proportion of the gentry listed in Burke's Landed Gentry had become landless?
One-third