biology 🧫🧬
glandular tissue
produces enzymes and other digestive juices
muscular tissue
contracts to allow food to be churned in a system
epilithelial tissue
is a type of body tissue that forms the covering on all internal and external surfaces of your body
tissue
a group of cells working together to perform a specific function
enzyme
a protein that can act as a biological catalyst- designed to work on a specific target (substrate). the enzyme has an active site which is the same shape as the substrate
second form of the lock and key model
enzyme substrate complex
true or false- enzymes arent used up after chemical reactions
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2 factors that effect enzymes-
change in :
-the temp
-the ph of the enviornment
what is the term when the active site of an enzyme changes because of change in temp or ph
denatured
amylase
breaks down starch and carbs to form glucose
found in the salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
protease
breaks down protein to form amino acids
found in the small intestine and pancreas
lipase
breaks down lipids to form fatty acids and glycerol
found in pancreas and small intestine
bile
made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder
an alkaline that neutralises the hydrachloric acid in the stomach and emulsifies (breaks down) fat into small droplets to increase the surface area (for digestion). The neutralisation and the breaking down both increase the rate of fat breakdown by lipase
absorption
the process of a substance being taken into a tissue
purpose of the small intestine
where small soluble molecules that redult from digestion get absorbed into the blood. when into the blood they are transported to where they are needed and used in metabolism
purpose of folded epilithelial tissues
produce a large surface area
adaptions of villi
long- increase time for absorption
the villi and microvilli increase the sa for absorption
thin for a short diffusion pathway
good blood supply so molecules can be absorbed into the blood and maintain comcentration gradient for diffusion
adaptions of alveoli
-large surface area
-thin-short diffusion distance
-good blood supply- maintain concentration of gradient
what do alveoli do
where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out. Oxygen breathed in from the air passes through the alveoli and into the blood and travels to the tissues throughout the body
iodine
tests for starch
starts as orange
ends up as blue/black
biuret
tests for protein
starts as blue
ends up as purple
benedicts
tests for sugars
starts as blue
ends up as brick red WHEN HEATED
ethanol
tests for fat
starts as clear
ends up cloudy
purpose of the diaphram
The diaphragm is a muscle that helps you inhale and exhale (breathe in and out). This thin, dome-shaped muscle sits below your lungs and heart
bronchi purpose
distribute the air throughout the lungs
bronchioles purpose
the bronchioles carry air to small sacs in your lungs called alveoli