rate of reaction
rate
measure of change that happens in a single unit of time
you can measure reaction by
how much reactant is used up -amount of product produced
reaction that produces gas
mg magnesium +2hcl hydrochloric acid =MgCl2 magnesium chloride + H2 hydrogen
details about results when measuring reactions
-the rate changes throughout reaction. it is greatest at the start and decreases throughout reaction -faster reactions make steeper curves on graphs
how does concentration of the reactant affect the reaction
the more concentrated the reactant the faster the reaction
how does temperature affect a reaction
the higher the temperature the faster the reaction reactions tend to double speed with every 10 degree increase
how does the surface area of a reactant affect the reaction
the more surface area of a solid reactant the faster the reactant
how do you increase the rate of reaction for a reaction involving gases
increase the gas pressure
collision theory
in order for there to be a reaction particles must collide with eachother and have enough energy to be successful therefore the rate of reaction depends on how many successful collisions there are in a unit of time
why does increasing the concentration speed up reaction rate
there are more particles per unit of volume so there is a higher chance of collision
how does increasing the temperature speed up the rate of reaction
there are more collisions and they have more energy to be successful
how does increasing surface area speed up reaction rate
more particles are exposed so successful collisions are more frequent
how does increasing gas pressure speed up reaction rate
more particles per unit of volume so more collisions are successful
catalyst
a catalyst speeds up rate of reaction and is unchanged at the end of a reaction
enzyme
protiens made by cells to act as biological catalysts
how do catalysts speed up reactions
a catalyst lowers activation eergy of a reaction so particles need less energy to react increasing successful collisions