US History Semester 1 exam
Define Missouri Compromise
Law that tried to adress growing sectional tensipns over the issue of slavery
Define Kansas Nebraska Act
Repealed the missouri compromise, created 2 new territories, and allowed for popular sovereingty
Define "Bleeding Kansas"
Period of repeated outbreaks of violent guerrilla warfare between pro-slavery and anti-slavery
Define Abolitionist Movement
Organized effort to end the practice of slavery in the United States
What was the effect of civil war on Native Americans
One third of all cherokees and semindes in Indian territory died from violence, starvation, and war-related illness
Define Secessionist Movement
movements advocate for the claim that a population within a state is a nation that has the right to form its own nation-State
Define the Dread Scott Decision
a decade long fight for freedom by a black enslaved man named Dred Scott
Define Uncle Tom's Cabin
Story of an enslaved person, depicted as saintly and dignified, noble and steadfast in his beliefs
Define the Battle Hymn of the Republic
Symbolization of the end of slavery during the civil war
Define the Emancipation Proclamation
Declared "That all persons held as slaves within the rebellious states" are and hencefoward shall be free
Define the 13th, 14th, and 15th admendment
1. abolished slavery, 2. Gave citizenship all people born in the U.S , 3. Gave Black Americans the right to vote.
Define Freedman's Bureau
Act to establish Bureau for the relief of Freedmen and refugees
Describe the Anaconda plan
military stragety proposed by Union General Winfield Scott early in the American civil War
Reconstruction (All three plans)
wartime, presidential, and congressional
How did Lincoln and Johnsons plan for reconstruction differ?
Lincoln wanted to ensure rights such as voting, for the formerly enslaved, Jonhson's plan did not have these same requirements
Compare the resources and the military strageties of the north and south?
North had more resources, South had superior military leadership
How did Jim crow's law and the black code effect African Americans after the civil war?
Allowed local authorities to arrest freedpeople for minor infractions and commit them to involuntary labor.
Explain the impact of the Mexican American war on the issue of slavery?
Reopened the slavery extension issue
Explain Lincoln's stance on slavery before and after the outbreak of thr Civil War?
Lincoln began by saying he was "antislavery", but not calling for immediate emancipation, he eventually did
explain the cause and effects of the civil war
The divide in the U.S over the issue of slavery caused the civil war
List the working conditions in the factories during the industrial revolution
harsh, long hours, unsafe, repetitive and montorius work for employees
define labor unions
association of workers formed to protect their rights and interests
Define Boycott
withdraw from relations as a punishment
what were the tacticts used by labor during the industrial age?
strikes, boycotts, and sabotage
what were the tactics used by managment during the Industrial Age?
granting lands for railroad construction, and development of patient system
list the major industrialists of the industrial age?
cornelious vandebilt, andrew carnegie, andrew mellon, leland standford, and john d. rockerfeller
what was the effects of the sherman anti-trust act
authorize the federal governemnt to institute proceedings against trusts in order to dissolve them
what role did the transcontinential railroad play during the industrial age?
brought products of eastern industry to the continents populate beyond the mississippi
what impact did transportation and communications have on America?
Allowed Americans to take advantages of continents vast territory and natural resources, and to build an industrial economy on a national scale
What were Monopolies
large companies that controlled an industry or a section, giving them the baility to control the prices of the goods and services they provided
what is Laissez-faire capitalism?
An economic philosophy of free marker capitalism that opposes government intervention
Pullman strike 1894
widespread railroad strike/boycott that disrupted rail traffic in Midwest of U.S
Great Strike 1877
Country's first mayor rail strike and witnessed the first general strike in the nation's history
Define Gospel of Wealth
extremnly wealthy Americans had a responsibility to spend money on the greater good
explain the role trust and consolidation played in the growth of business?
the trust allowed a single central corporate entity to control the operations of multiple companies by holding the majority of their socks.
what factors contributed to the growth of U.S industrialization?
government policy, labor-saving inventions entrepreneural ambitions, and a demand for goods and services
what were the characteristics of Big Bussinesses during the industrial era?
institutions that used management to control economic activity
Identify the labor unions of the industrial era?
united auto workers, the knights, teamsters
why did the population of the US Shift from rural to urban during the industrial era?
the industrial boom of the late 19th century led Americans and immigrants from the world over leave farming life and head to the city
Define Ellis Island
Island in NY that was the principal immigration station for the US
Define Angel Island
Immigration station where they were detained and interrogated
Define Chinese Exclusion Act
First significant law restricting immigration in the US
Define Gentlemen's Agreement
Arrangement based upon of both parties, rather than legally binding
What is Nativism?
Policy of protecting the ineterests of native born or established inhabitants against those types of immigrants
What was the Americanization Movement?
Movement in the early 20th century to assimilate the new influx of immigrants from southern and central europe.
What was the social gospel movement
The religious wing of the progressive movement which had the aim of combating injustice, suffering and poverty in society
Define tenements and settlement houses
tenemnet- overcrowed aparment house
Settlement House- institution providing various community services especially to large city populations
Who was Boss William M. Tweed and What was Tammany Hall
William was an Americna politician most notable for being the political boss of Tammany Hall
Who was Ida B. Wells?
African American journalist and activist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the US in the 1890's
Define Political Machines?
An organization linked to a political party that often controlled local govenrment
Who was Booker T. Washington?
Educator and reformer, first president and principal developer of tuskeegee normal and industrial institute
Who was W.E.B DuBois?
1st socioligist to articulate the agency of the oppressed
Define Populist party
US Political party that sought to represent the interests of farmers and laborers in the 1890's
Who was William Jennings Bryan
Democratic candidate in the 1896 that advocated in free silver movement, farming interests, and improved conditions
What was the cross of gold speech?
Famous speech at the 1896 Democratic National convention n Chicago
What impact did the Dawes Act of 1887 have on the treatment of Indians?
Over 90 millions acres of tribal land were stripped from NAtive Americans and sold to non-natives
Explain how political bosses controlled city politics
Boss was at the center and was bound together to a complex organization of lesser figures by reciprocity in promoting financial and social self-interest
Urbanization living conditions
circumstances or factors affecting the way in which people in
Urbanization immigrants
settle primarly in cities
Urbanization Jacob riis "How the other half lives"
teeming with immigrants, disease, abuse
Urbanization Problems/Solutions
Inspired many reforms of working class housing
explain the importance of the populist party
formed in 1890s to represent the interests of farmers and laborers
list the goals of the progressive movement
advancing the right of everyone to retire with security and dignity ending poverty and income inequality
define muckrakers
person who searches for and and tries to expose real or alleged corruption, scandal, or other wrong doing
what was the jungle and what impact did it have?
expose the appaling working conditions in the meat- packing industry
define Recall
power reserved to the voters that allows the voters, by petition, to demand the removal of an elected official
Define initiative
power reserved to the voters to propose legislation, hat would enact a city charter
Define Referendum
general vote by the electorate on a single political, question that has been referred to them for a direct decision
Define Direct Primary
memebers of a party nonimate its candidate by direct vote
What was the triple threat of privilage
the ways in which privilage can be used to dominate, marginalize, and silence individuals who aren't privilaged
what was the womens christian temperance union (WTCU) Movement
to promote abstinence from alcohol
define prohibition
act of forbidding something by law
define the 18th admendment
prohibited the "Manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors" in the U.S
define 19th amendment
Granted woman the right to vote
what was the national women's suffrage association (NAWSA)?
to push for the ratification of enough state suffrage amendments to force congress to approve a federal amendment
Define the spoils system
Practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters
what is gerrymandering?
the boundaries of so as to favor one party of class.
explain the struggles for women's suffrage
society ran on the order of separate gender roles, it would disrupt this order
identify the progressive presidents and their collective contribution to the overall aim of the progressive movement?
Roosevelt, Talfi and wilson held office between 1901 and 1991. They took active roles in trying to reform the many problems of the American society
Define the panama Canal
Constructed waterway that connects the atlantic and pacific oceans across the isthmus of the panama
define the yellow journalism also known as the yellow press
style of newspaper reporting that emphasized sensationalism over facts
define the U.S.S Maine
incited US'S passions against spain, eventually leading to a natural blockade of Cuba and a declaration of war.
Define the DeLome Letter
Critized American President William Mckinley by calling him weak and concerned only with gaining the favor of the crowd
What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
A speech in which Roosevelt stated that European invention in the Western Hemisphere was over
Explain Theodore Roosevelt's Big Stcik Policy Diplomacy
The policy of carefully mediated negotiation supported by the spoken threat of a powerful military
Define Open Door Policy
Indicates to employees that a supervisor or manager is opne to an employee's questions, complaints, suggestions, and challenges
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
An uprising against fore ignores taht occured in China about 1900, begun by peasents but eventually supported by government
what were the goals of U.S imperialism?
A desire for new markets for its industrial products and belief in the racial and cultural superiority of Americans
What were the causes of the Spanish American War?
The sinking of the Battleship Maine in Havana Harbor
Name the territory that came under U.S control by the early 1900's following the Spanish-American war?
Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines