Topic 2 SLA
it is the process of learning another language after the first l1 has been acquired. it happens naturally (through communication and exposure) or formally (through instruction)
second language acquisition or sla
when a filipino student will learn filipino first then learn english at school or by watching movies is undergoing _
second language acquisition or l2
this linguist proposed five major hypothesis that explain how people acquire a second language
stephen krashen 1982
what are the krashen's five theories of second language acquisition
-the acquisition learning distinction
-the natural order hypothesis
-the monitor hypothesis
-the input hypothesis
-the affective filter hypothesis
what theory is a subconscious or conscious process that learner undergo
the acquisition-learning distinction
under the acquisition-learning distinction
it is a conscious process learners study and memorize rules grammars and vocabulary
it is a subconscious process learners pick up the language naturally through meaningful communication
learning
acquisition
identify whether acquisition or learning
a student becomes fluent in english after talking daily with friends and watching english movies
a students studies the rules of subject verb agreement from a grammar book
acquisition
learning
in what theories says
teacher insight
that a good language classroom combines both. teachers should let students use english naturally while also teaching grammar.
the acquisition-learning distinction
this theory says that language structures are acquired in a predictable order, regardless of age background or first language. some grammar forms (like ing or plural s) appear early, while others like (third person -s for past tense ed) come later
the natural order hypothesis
what example of a theory is
he go to school, he goed school, he went to school
learners pass through transitional forms called interlanguage before mastering correct grammar
the natural order hypothesis
what theory teacher's insight
teachers should not expect students to use all grammar rules correctly right away. mistakes are natural signs of progress
the natural order hypothesis
this theory says that the monitor acts as an editor that checks or corrects language output using learned rules learners use the monitor when they have time to think, know the rule and focus on correctness
the monitor hypothesis
what example of theory
in spontaneous conversation - he go to school everyday
when writing carefully -he goes to school everyday (applied)
the monitor hypothesis
what type of individual variation in monitor use
focus too much and grammar, speak slowly and carefully
example , a student poses before every sentence to check rules
over-users
what type of individual variation in monitor use
ignore grammar and focus only on fluency
a student talks quickly but makes many grammar mistakes
under-users
what type of individual variation in monitor use
balance accuracy fluency
optimal users
what theory teaching insight
encourage communication first then use grammar corrections to improve accuracy over time
to monitor hypothesis
what view says
languages acquired when learners are exposed to comprehensible input, language taken understand but that is slightly above their current level (i+1)
the input hypothesis
in the input hypothesis what is the meaning of i and +1
i what the learner already knows
+1 new knowledge or structure that's just a bit more advanced
this hypothesis says that understanding meaningful messages helps learners acquire language naturally, grammar is learned subconsciously through exposure, not direct instruction
the input hypothesis
an example of this view
a beginner who knows "i like apples" listen to "i like red apples" and understands it through context. the new word red becomes acquired through meaning.
the input hypothesis
the evidences of supporting this view
students in immersion programs who use the language daily develop fluency faster
learners read english books watch movies or converse with native speakers progress more quickly
the input hypothesis
what view teaching insight
teachers should give meaningful understandable input through visuals real situations and stories not just grammar drills
the input hypothesis
this view says that emotional factors like motivation self confidence and anxiety can help or block learning. when learners are relaxed and motivated the effective filter is low and they acquire language easily. when stressed or afraid of mistakes the filter is high blocking input from being processed
the affective filter hypothesis
an examples of this view
a student who feels safe and encourage participates actively and learns faster
a student who fears correction or embarrassment stays silent and learns slowly
the affective filter hypothesis
what view teaching insight
teachers should create a positively stress classroom environment praise effort avoid ridicule and encourage participation
the affective filter hypothesis
determine what Krashen's theory
two ways to learn a language is subconscious and conscious
watching movies versus studying grammar
combine both natural exposure and grammar teaching
the acquisition learning distinction
identify what Krashen's theory
language rules are learned in a predictable sequence
he goed to he went
don't overcorrect early errors
the natural order hypothesis
identify what Krashen's theory
internal grammar checker
careful writing versus casual speaking
balanced fluency and accuracy
the monitor hypothesis
identify what Krashen's theory
comprehensive input i + 1 drives learning
i like red apples
use real life meaningful content
the input hypothesis
identify what Krashen's theory
emotions influence learning
confident versus anxious learners
create a relaxed supportive class
the effective filter hypothesis