KPE261
What are the two main functions of the premotor cortex?
- Movement execution and initiation of fine motor skills
- Learning consolidation
What does the Premotor Cortex do?
- Plans and organizes movements based on sensory cues
- the integration of tactile/visual feedback to form a motor response.
What is the SMA responsible for?
- Chunking movements/steps into sequences.
- Chunking or grouping makes info easier to remember
- Response times are usually longer at chunk points.
How does TMS effect pre-SMA functioning?
- If you stimulate the SMA outside a chunk point, the response time is the same.
- If you stimulate the SMA during a chunk point, the 1st movement RT is slower but the chunk point as a whole is recalled faster.
What movements are controlled by the Basal Ganglia?
- Internal timing (keeping time to a song)
- Reward Based Learning via vigor and motivation (dopamine)
Bradykinesia, Akinesia, Tremors and Apathy are all variants of this neurological disease that affect the Basal Ganglia.
- Parkinson's Disease ( reduction in dopamine )
What is the role of the cerebellum?
- Optimizes Performance: compares the predicted to actual consequences to movements.
- Error detection and correction
A lesion to the cerebellum will cause what?
- Doesn't inhibit movement
- May cause problems with coordination resulting in clumsy movements
Ascending Sensory Pathways connect and carry what?
- Connect the spinal cord to the sensory cortex and cerebellum.
- Carry info from sensory receptors
This system transmits information about proprioception touch and pressure.
The Dorsal System
This system transmits info about pain, temperature and pressure.
The Anterolateral System
This tract transmits proprioceptive info to the cerebellum.
The Spinocerebellar Tract
List 3 facts about descending motor pathways
- Connect neurons in M1 to the spinal cord.
- Most fibres cross in the medulla and therefore you have contralateral control of movements.
- is involved in fine motor skill performance
Extrapyramidal tracts connect neurons in the brainstem to the spinal cord. What movement control are they also involved in?
- Postural and proximal limb (shoulder/trunk) control
Where do each of the tracts synapse?
- Descending connects to the ventral horn
- Ascending synapse in the dorsal horn.
What is the Hennmann size principle?
- addresses motor recruitment
- Smallest fibers are recruited first then larger ones in size are added in addition to them.
Define "Coordination"
- The organized relationship between body parts at a specific point in time during skill performance.
- can be constrained by the environment. Patterns of body parts are relative to patterns of environmental objects and events.
Who proposed the DF Problem? What are their two arguments for this to be an issue when talking about coordination and skill acquisition?
- Nicolai Berstein
- There are too many independent aspects of motion and the ways that they can interact.
- There are also many ways to perform a skill = REDUNCANCY
Motor programming is one of the major coordinators of movement. What does it do?
- It processes information
- deals with CNS memory-based mechanisms that control movement
- set movement commands that define movements like a computer.
Dynamical Systems is the other major motor control theory. What is the emphasis of this system?
- Emphasis on the role of information in the environment. and the mechanical properties of body and limbs
What is an open loop control system?
- a system in which all the info required to run a movement/system is already present.
- does not use feedback.
- Used for fast ballistic movements
- effective if environment is stable and predictable (controlled)
What is a closed loop system?
- Control center initiates instructions which can be updated.
- Execution and completion is based on feedback.
- used for larger slow movements.
The Generalized Motor Program (GMP) is also known as what theory and states...
AKA "Schmidt's Schema Theory"
A motor program that defines a pattern of movement/class of actions rather than a specific movement.
Can be modified to produce variations of the pattern.
What are the two main characteristics of the GMP? (Give examples of each type)
1. Invariant (fixed, unique) features - do not change between performances; Ex. relative timing and relative sequencing
2. Parameters (Flexible Features) - add onto a GMP which can vary between actions. Ex. Movement time/duration, limbs and muscles used.
Why is sensory information important?
It gives feedback to the body about external environments in order to coordinate movement.
What are the photoreceptors involved in visual processing?
Cones and Rods
What is the main role of vision in motor control?
To prepare for tasks based on vision
| Quiz |
|---|
| Teknik |
| ordklasser |
| Pharmacology |
| frågor 2 |
| mathsdifferent maths equations |
| geschiedenis |
| Spanish past tense holidays |
| theme of amibition in macbeth |
| economics theme 1 |
| Kiss of the vampire |
| tide |
| Biology: Inheritance, Variation and Evolution |
| Population IBGeo |
| PLU-koder Stora Coop Västberga |
| Psychology of Sex |
| protocol names |
| part of the leaves |
| ecosystem |
| Hobbes |
| Geography Unit 2 Test |
| ITM750 Midterm Practice Questions |
| BIO Examen 2 |
| Histoire des sciences de la mésopotamie au monde arabeTest |
| KIN 1070 MID TERM |
| crc |
| Los beneficios y los aspectos negativos (1.1) |
| Information Technology |
| europe quiz |
| Finansiell analysFormler |
| accents |
| Environmental science - Physical features of Earth + atmosphere. |
| Memory (psychology) |
| Environmental science - groundwater and aquifers |
| Människosyn religionOlika uppfattningar inom de största 5 religonerna. |
| Kemi 1 |
| Tyska |
| Brain atnatomy and limic system |
| science |
| Unit 7: Key terms A and P |
| moeilijke termen nl |
| Science rev y9 1st test |
| Environmental science - life processes |
| beta voortplanting |
| CHYS 2P10 Midterm Flashcards- on content from the first five weeks of class |
| german 6 |
| PROV |
| suffixsuffix |
| nederlands woordenschat |
| prefix´Prefix |
| ak se1 |
| SPANISH B |
| vocabulaire Japonais |
| sound device |
| imagery |
| frans |
| TEORIER |
| Social influence (Psychology) |
| La inmigracion en el mundo hispánico (1.2) |
| Research Methods & Analysis |
| French Vocab #2 |
| interview questions |
| bds - cop |
| Portuguese Lessons |
| Alevel biology cell structure |
| histoirejsp |
| Metod och Statestik |
| Key words rivers in geography |
| Sinnena |
| Nervsystemet 2 |
| iran |
| Nervsystemet |
| allmänna medicinska termer |
| Transport across cell membranes (Chapter 4) BIOLOGY |
| Inför prov säk och reg |
| Noun Genders |
| No |
| Engelska v.41 |
| De levensloop van de mens |
| seperate science for gcse |
| gcse chemistry |
| HomeworkLes vêtements |
| historia LT Sa23E |
| Chapter 3: Naming Compounds/ Prefixes/ Roman Numarals |
| countriesgeneral information about all countries in the world |
| French Vocab |
| bio variation |
| EMS POST'S |
| 204 (Senses) |
| Khloe Begemansceice |
| Basic Verb & Conjugations |
| US History exam 1 |
| classics test |
| geog tests |
| French |
| copper sulfate core practicalFlashcards for the copper sulfate practical |
| eco |
| medeltiden, renässansen instuderingsfrågor |
| Business 2.1- forms of business |
| science |
| intro to biomaterials |
| BE 305 |
| Ekologi |
| Polisen i samhället |
| Upplysningstiden Del 3Frågor om upplysningstiden del 3 |
| RUMSUPPFATTNING |
| Welsh Adjectives |
| istruzione 2 |
| TALUPPFATTNING NR 2 |
| TALUPPFATTNING NR 1 |
| Bio Exam 2 |
| Färgerna läxa |
| structures guidantes |
| privat juridik |
| grammar |
| anglais |
| inför engelska prov v.41 |
| patrull |
| l'istruzione |
| FrenchFrench vocabulary |
| geography |
| spanish vocab-las materias |
| CYBER |
| Periodicity |
| ITM 750 |
| Chase Science |
| eco h1 par.4 |
| eco h1 par.3 |
| Histoire |
| eco h1 par.2 |
| week 4 |
| eco h1 par.1 |
| science block 1- year 9 |
| spanish t37 |
| pépémaëstro |
| Hegel |
| Articles |
| greek |
| RS CAT - PHILOSOPHY |
| Livsåskådningar |
| H-G - Chapitre 1 - dossier 1 & 2 |
| Arbitrage international |
| Samhällsäkerhet |
| piano grade 8 theorygrade 8 theory on songs |
| Anatomi |
| Computer Science - Paper 1 |
| french adj ( reverse) |
| sp |
| Biology |
| french adj |
| Media Terms |
| Sveriges politiska system |
| business |
| duits Kapitel 1 |
| Engels So 1So leren Engels 9 oktober |
| Conversions |
| Atomic Structure (Chapter 1) CHEMISTRY |
| Begrepp sexuell läggning och könsidentitet |
| Begrepp andrafiering |
| L'heure |
| Begrepp rika och fattiga |
| Begrepp kön och genus |
| French counting words 0-70 (options) |
| French counting words 0-70 (type) |
| Latin verbslatin verbs test revision |
| Latin Verb EndingsLatin verb endings test revision |
| light and the human eye |
| other |
| Terrein |
| French Colours |
| French Colours |
| Sanskrit Asanas |
| Econ Mid term 1 |
| Essay Test Unit One: Rhetorical devices |
| The digestive systemds quiz |
| begrepp introduktion samhäll |
| Psych 104 Mid term 1 |
| bds |
| drugs in pharmacolog n their use |
| branches de la biologieCours de bio.1.12 |
| colyne |
| privajuridik 2.0skadeståndsrätt |
| Privatjuridik |
| German - 4.2 teil 1 |
| latijnniks |
| german vocab 5 |
| KANJI |
| Japanese Vocabulary |
| EDEL 321 CardsTerms and Concepts for the EDEL 321 Midterm |
| Unit 6: Key Terms A and P |
| Biology test flashcards term 1a (living organisms & biological molecule) |
| A Level Psychology - Social Influence |
| English - Jeykll and Hyde quotes |
| biology |
| PhoneticsAccents phonetic alphabet |
| Nederlands woordenschat blok 1 |
| Rumsuppfattning |
| Chem: Chapter 3 |
| OPTA 222 (GBS) |
| Begrepp DES |
| medical terminology |
| latin vocab stage 7. |
| redigering |
| History - USA topic 1 |
| SPANSKA |
| Arabic |
| Romeo and JulietCheck your knowledge on Romeo and Juliet |
| sound and the human ear |
| ANGLAIS MMI |
| Fotboll |
| geschiedenis tijden (Sarah's version) |
| egypt |
| Science Study Guide Unit A Section 1 and 2 |
| Bio Unit 1 Test- Communication |
| english vocabw |
| Science |
| biology flashcards homeostasis & inheritanceincludes:
-homeostasis
-negative feedback,
-reproduction
-kidneys
-plant hormones
(glucoregulation and thermoregulation NOT included) |
| frans chap. 1 |
| Engels toets |
| Roots 4 |
| Chemistry test flashcards term 1a (1a and b) |
| océan et espace |
| poetry test revision |
| Bio Unit 1 Test- identification |
| Film Terms |
| English Poem VocabularyEnglish Poem Vocabulary |
| Bio Unit 1 Test- Matching |
| Popular movies |
| World Records |
| Incredible animals |
| Most Expensive Sports |
| World's largest cities |
| IELTS Cambridge Reading |
| black deathblack death revision |
| objects de la salle de classe |
| OPTA 222 (Muscular Dystrophy) |
| OPTA 222 (Brain Injury) |
| spanish double tick |
| Spanska Glosor Tidsuttryck |
| fransvocabulaire |
| 100 spanska ord (Del 3) |
| 1.6 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| 1.4 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| 1.2 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| 1.1 (Nederlands naar Frans)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| Emoji meanings |
| MedicatiekennisHet doel van dit spel is om de juiste medicatie te benoemen bij de juiste protocollen van het LPA 9.0.
Je hoeft hier geen doseringen te benoemen, maar enkel de stofnaam of merknaam.
Dit spel is ter... |
| Spanska Glosor Småord |
| Minecraft |
| fransvocabulaire A |
| duitsduits woorden nederlands-duits |
| 1.6 (Nederlands naar Frans)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| Biological molecules (Chapter 1) BIOLOGY |
| 1.4 (Nederlands naar Frans)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| week 3 |
| Japanese Unit 1 Review |
| 1.2 (Nederlands naar Frans)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| Daily words in KoreanMemorized 5 daily words of Korean |
| 1.1 (Frans naar Nederlands)Als ik spelfouten heb gemaakt, laat maar weten.
p.s. je hoeft er niet bij te zetten of woorden mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn als er les, of l' staat. :) |
| Emotioner |
| Directional Terms |
| AKAK begrippen H1 1t/m4 |
| vecka 41 läxa glosor spanska |
| A Level Chemistry - Unit 1Topic 1 - Physical Chemistry
Book 1 |
| Tenta - ByggprocessenTentamensfrågor Byggprocessen 2023 |
| Chemistry 1 |
| A Level Law - Unit 1Nature of Law |
| Ekologi |
| SVför ett prov |
| french test |
| Sociology - Marxism |
| Sociology- Functionalism |
| Science |
| Sociology - keywords |
| OPTA 204 (Orientation and attention) |
| Me, My Family and My FriendsFRENCH |
| Ögats anatomi kursm. 1-2 |
| add. abreviations |
| OPTA 204 (Cognition and Memory) |
| Roots 3 |
| Roots 2 |
| Psyclohology : developmentNature, Nurture or Both?
Continuity and Discontinuity
Stability and Change
PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
Jean Piaget - Lev Vygotsky
Important Figures in Social Development
Infant Attachme... |
| Socialt arbete och samhällets organisering |
| vecka 40 |
| rörelselära |
| Anatomical positions |
| SIG 5SIG 5 |
| SIG 4SIG 4 |
| SIG 3SIG 3 |
| SIG 2SIG 2 |
| SIG 1SIG 1 |
| Cell- och mikrobiologi D1-D3 |
| Tyksa läxa |
