Urinary system
nephr/o , ren/o
kidneys
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ur/o , urin/o
Urine
ureter/o
ureters
cyst/o
urinary bladder
urethr/o
urethra
prostat/o
prostate
-cele
hernia, tumor, swelling
cyst/o
urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid
-dia
through, between, apart, complete
-ectasis
stretching, dilation, enlargement
glomerul/o
glomerulus
lith/o
stone, calculus
-lysis
breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening
nephr/o
kidney
-pexy
surgical fixation
pyel/o
renal pelvis, bowl of kidney
-tripsy
to crush
ur/o
urine, urinary tract
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
-uria
urination, urine
ablation
the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function
anuria
the absence of urine formation by the kidneys.
benign prostatic hyperplasia
an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland
chronic kidney disease
the progressive loss of renal function over months or years
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
cystocele
a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall, prolapsed bladder.
cystolith
a stone located in the urinary bladder.
cystopexy
the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall.
cystoscopy
the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope.
dialysis
a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function.
diuresis
the increased output of urine
edema
excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues
end-stage renal disease
the final stage of chronic kidney disease that is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are successfully replaced by dialysis or with a successful kidney transplant
enuresis
the involuntary discharge of urine
epispadias
A congenital abnormality affecting the opening of the urethral opening in the male, The opening is located on the upper surface of the penis in the female the urethral opening is located in the region of the clitoris.
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
The usage of high energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel to break up kidney stones into fragments, which are the excreted in urine
glomerulonephritis
A form of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine.
hemodialysis
A procedure that filters waste products directly from the patient's blood to replace the function of damaged kidneys
hydronephrosis
The dilation of one or both kidneys that is the result of an obstruction of the flow of urine
hydroureter
distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked
hyperproteinuria
The presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine
hypoproteinemia
The presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood
hypospadias
A congenital abnormality in the placement of the usual opening in the male, The urethral opening is on the under surface of the penis. In the female, the urethral opening is into the vagina.
incontinence
The inability to control the excretion of urine and or feces
interstitial cystitis
A chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder
intravenous pyelography
A radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters using a contrast, medium to diagnose changes in the urinary tract
nephrolith
A stone located in the kidney also known as renal calculus or a kidney stone
nephrolithiasis
the presence of a stone or stones in the kidney
nephrolysis
the freeing of a kidney from adhesions
nephrons
the microscopic functional units of each kidney where urine is produced through the processes or filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
nephropathy
any kidney disease including degenerative and inflammatory conditions
nephroptosis
the prolapse or dropping down of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands, aka a floating kidney
nephropyosis
suppuration of the kidney
nephrostomy
the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body
nephrotic syndrome
A group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine, resulting in abnormally low levels of protein in the blood
neurogenic bladder
A urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
nocturia
frequent and excessive urination during the night
nocturnal enuresis
urinary incontinence during sleep
oliguria
scanty urination
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
The surgical removal of a nephrolith through a small incision in the back
peritoneal dialysis
dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood
polycystic kidney disease
an inhearited kidney disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid filled cysts in the kidneys leading eventually to kidney failure.
polyuria
excessive urination
prostatism
a disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostichyperplasia.
pyelotomy
surgical incision into the renal pelvis
suprapubic catheterization
the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made in the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone
uremia
a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which urea and other waste products are retained in the blood; also known as uremic poisoning
ureterectasis
the distention of a ureter
ureterolith
a stone located anywhere along the ureter
ureterorrhagia
the discharge of blood from a ureter
ureterorrhaphy
the surgical suturing of a ureter
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
urethroplasty
the surgical repair of damage or a defect in the walls of the urethra
urethrorrhagia
bleeding from the urethra
urethrostenosis
narrowing of the urethra
urethrotomy
a surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture
urinary catheterization
The insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to produce a sterile specimen for diagnostic purposes to drain urine from the bladder when the patient is unable to urinate or to place medication into the bladder
vesicovaginal fistula
an abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina
voiding cystourethrography
a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra
wilms tumor
a rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children.
bacteri/o
bacteria
glycos/o
sugar, glucose
Hem/o , Hemat/o
blood
Hydr/o
relating to water
Noct/o
night
Olig/o
scanty , few
Protein/o
protein
Py/o
Pus
a-, an-
without, absence
dia-
complete, through
dys-
Difficult , painful
poly-
many
-ectomy
surgical removal
-graphy
process of recording
-itis
inflammation
-lithiasis
presence of stones
-lysis
separation
-osis
abnormal condition