terms pertaining to the body as a whole
atom
basic unit of all matter
molecule
composed of two or more atoms
organelle
membrane bound structure of molecules that perform specific functions in the cell
cell (cyt/o)
fundamental unit of living tissue
cell membrane
outer protective covering of the cell
cytoplasm
gelatinous substance inside cell membrane that holds the cell's organelles
nucleus (nucle/o)
central controlling body of the cell (regulates cell reproduction and determines structure and function)
chromosome
rodlike structures in nucleus (23 pairs of 46 chromosomes [sex cells only hahe 23 chromosomes])
genes
regions contained within chromosomes. each gene contains DNA
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid (code that directs the activities of the cells)
karyotype
microscopic photograph of chromosomes within the nucleus
Down syndrome
extra chromosome on chromosome 21
Mitochondria
main source of energy for the cell (has both inner and outer membranes)
Cristae
folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria
catabolism
the process by which complex nutrients are broken down and burned to release energy for the cell to utilize
endoplasmic reticulum
a network of canals distributed throught the cytoplasm to which ribosomes are attached
ribosomes
attached to the endoplaic reticulum, they manufacture proteins for the cell
anabolism
conversion of simple proteins into more complex compounds (done by ribosomes)
metabolism
includes both anabolism and catabolism (sum total of all chemical processes un the cell to sustain life)
epithelial cells
linings of internal organs ans outer surface of skin
nerve cells
have long extensions from cell body to transmit impulses to and from brain
fat cells
large cells with little cytoplasm and nucleus displaced to one side
Four major types of human tissue
epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve
functions of epithelial tissue
protects from injury, defends agains disease, absorption, secretion, sensation
3 types of muscle tissue
skeletal/voluntary, smooth/involuntary, cardiac
skeletal muscle tissue
attaches to the bone and is consciously controlled (voluntary)
smooth muscle tissue
found in the walls of hollow internal structures i.e, stomach, blood vessles etc (involuntary)
cardiac muscle tissue
comprises the wall of the wall of the heart (involuntary)
connective tissue
supports and shapes body (i.e, bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, blood)
nerve tissue
found in nerves, spinal chord and brain. specialized to react to stimuli abd conduct impulses
organs
groups of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function
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