Stats final review chapter 4
Probability
is a measure of the likelihood that an event in the future will happen.
Experiment
is a process that leads to the occurrence of one and only one of several possible observations.
Outcome
is a particular result of an experiment.
Event
is a collection of one or more outcomes of an experiment.
Classical probability
is based on the assumption that the outcomes of an experiment are equally likely.
Mutually exclusive
is if the occurrence of one event means that none of the other events can occur at the same time.
Collectively exhaustive
is if at least one of the events must occur when an experiment is conducted.
Empirical probability, or relative frequency
is the second type of objective probability. it is based on the number of times an event occurs as a proportion of a known number of trials.
Special Rule of Addition
if two events A and B are mutually exclusive, the probability of one or the other events occurring equals the sum of their probabilities.
Complement rule
is used to determine the probability of an event occurring by subtracting the probability of the event not occurring from 1.
The general rule of addition
if A and B are two events that are not mutually exclusive, then P(A or B) is given.
Special rule of multiplication
the special rule of multiplication requires that two events, A and B, be independent. two events are independent if the occurrence of one does not alter the probability of the occurrence of the other event.
The general rule of multplication
it states that for two events, A and B, the joint probability that both events will happen is found by multiplying the probability that event A will happen by the conditional probability of event B occurring given that A has occurred.