Ethics Deon
comes from the Greek word “deon” which means being
necessary.
Deontology
Deon means
Necessary
refers to the study of duty and obligation.
Deontology
was the main proponent of this theory (Deontology)
Immanuel Kant
He was a German Enlightenment philosopher who wrote “Groundwork towards a Metaphysics of Morals” (1785)
I.k.
which is the capacity to act according to the principles that we determine for ourselves.
“rational will
This means that an organism has the ability to perceive and
navigate its external environment.
Sentience
This refers to the capacity for mental abstraction, which arises from the operations of the faculty of reason.
Rational will
It is consists of the mental faculty to construct ideas and thoughts that are beyond our immediate surroundings.
Rational will
refers to the faculty to intervene in the world, to act in a manner
that is consistent with our reason
Rational will
(from Latin : I and
medius, or “no middle”)
immediacy
the ability to act based on her intentions and
mental states.
agency
only act according to impulses, base don their natural
instincts.
Immediacy
the property of rational will is
autonomy
comes from Greek words “autos” which means self and “nomos” which means laws
Autonomy
“nomos” which means.....
laws
“autos” which means_...
self
means self-law or self-legislating
Autonomy
comes from the Greek words,
“heteros” which means other and “nomos” means law
Heteronomy
comes from the Latin words sub (under) and jacere (to
throw).
subject
heteros means
other
latin word "sub" means
under
Jacere means
to throw
refers to the set of actions
that are caused by sensible impulse
Animal choice or arbitrum brutum
Meaning,
acting without reason but due to sensible impulses are mere
animal choice.
Animal choice or arbitrum brutum
These are bodily instincts and
desires such as the urge to eat, drink and sleep, or have sexual
intercourse
Animal choice or arbitrum brutum
on the other hand, refers to the choice or action
that is determined by pure reason.
Free choice,
It identifies
the particular duties in a straightforward manner that the
adherents of the theory must follow.
Substantive moral theory-
immediately promulgates
the specific actions that comprise that theory.
Substantive moral theory-
It means that this only
supply a procedure and the criteria for determining the
rules and moral commands.
Formal moral theory
It only provides the „form” or
“framework” of the moral theory.
Formal moral theory
it does not supply the rules or
commands right away
Formal moral theory
It will not give the exact list of
rules or commands, instead it will give a set of instructions
on how to make a list of duties or moral commands
Formal moral theory
which provides a procedural way of
identifying the rightness or wrongnessof an action.
“Grundlegung
zur Metaphysik der Sitten
Meaning, a
maxim consists of a rule that we live by in our day-to-day lives,
but it does not have the status of a law that binds us to act in a
certain way. (
“subjective principle of action”
Kant states that we must formulate an action as a maxim, which he defines as the “
“subjective principle of action”
are akin to the “standard operating procedures” SOPs
in our lives.
Maxims
• It refers to the intrinsic quality of an action that is objectively
and necessarily rational.
rational permissibility