First Aid
What is first aid?
- Immediate care given
- Provide essential basic first aid until professional medical personnel takes over
- Not to diagnose a person's condition
- Includes self help when medical personnel is not available
Objectives of first aid
- To alleviate suffering
- To prolong life
- To prevent further or added injury & danger
What are the two methods to control bleeding?
Direct pressure & elevation
What is the most serious type of burn?
3rd degree burn
First aid of heart attack
- Check if passenger is carrying OWN MEDICATION
- Loosen tight clothing, keep victim quite, warm, and comfortable
- Administer 4L oxygen
- Seek medical help ASAP
- If not breathing, begin RESCUE BREATHING
- If no pulse, begin CPR
- REPORT to PIC
Give one symptom of hysteria
- Laughing or crying
- Nervous or restless
First aid management for bruise
- Apply cold compress
- Elevate if possible
What is the lack of oxygen?
Hypoxia
Headache, dizziness, fever, vomitting, afraid of water, craving to bite, paralysis
Rabies
Injuries to the skull and brain
Skeletal injuries
A type of wound usually deep, narrow wounds in the skin & underlying organs such as "stab"
Puncture
A type of wound where the top layer of the skin is removed with little to no blood loss
Abrasion
Allergy is also called ___
Hypersensitivity
Other symptoms of hysteria & first aid
Laughing, crying, nervous or restless, extreme agitation
First aid:
- Use AMMONIA INHALANT under the nose
- Apply COLD TOWEL to neck & face
- Remove pax from the AC ASAP
What is the cause of decompression?
Sudden loss of pressurization
First aid of hypoxia
- Reassure passenger
- Loosen tight clothing
- Place in UPRIGHT or RECOVERY position
- Administer oxygen
- Monitor pax progress
First aid for ear discomfort for infant
Use pacifier and allow baby to cry
What are the symptoms of abdominal pain?
- Persistent pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting
First aid for indigestion
Offer club soda or lemon/lime drinks or any soda
What are some hindrances of first aid?
- Keep passengers away from crowding the person
- Never adminiter hypodermics
- Keep away from danger or unfavorable surroundings
Diabetic condition where there is not enough sugar in the body
Hypoglycemia or insulin shock
First aid for ear discomfort
- Chew gum, swallow, yawn
- Apply warm towel to forehead and face
- Valsava maneuver as last option
First aid for stroke
Ask pax to SMILE, TALK, RAISE, STICK
- Check if passenger is carrying own medication
- Find most comfortable position for breathing
- Open airway & administer oxygen
- If pax vomits, place on affected side
- Do not give anything by mouth
- Loosen clothing
- Maintain body heat
- If not breathing, begin RESCUE BREATHING
- If no circulation, begin CPR
First for hypoglycemia
- If CONCIOUS, give something sweet
- If UNCONCIOUS, dab sugar inside the cheeks or tongue
A condition which is caused by blockage of an artery in the brain causing death on the affected part
Stroke or apoplexy
Tearing-off of overstretching of ligaments or tendons around a joint
Sprain
The big 8 allergens
1. Soy
2. Eggs
3. Milk
4. Fish
5. Wheat
6. Shellfish
7. Tree nuts
8. Peanuts
Treatment for closed wound
I - ice application
C - compression
E - elevation
S - splinting or immobilization
Types of open wounds
1. Puncture
2. Abrasion
3. Laceration
4. Incision
5. Avulsion
Primary survey
C - check for conciousness
A - airway
B - breathing
C - circulation
Secondary survey
S - signs & symptoms
A - allergies
M - medication
P - pertinent medical history
L - last oral intake
E - events transpired
Transmission of diseases
1. Direct contact
2. Indirect contact
3. Airborne transmission
4. Droplet
5. Vector borne
Factors for shock
P - pain
R - rough handling
I - imporper transportation
C - continuous hemorrhage
E - exposure to excessive heat or cold
F - fatigue
Symptoms of hypoxia
- Difficulty in breathing
- Facial color is pale
- Bluish color of the inner lips, earlobes, and fingernails
- Dizziness
- Blurring of vision
First aid for hypoxia
- Give reassurance to victim
- Loosen tight clothing
- Place in upright or recovery position
- Give oxygen via disposable mask
- Monitor progress
Symptoms of anoxia
- Unconciousness that leads to death
- Victim has turned blue
- Seizures
- Neck stiffness
- Myclonic jerks
First of hyperventilation
- Reassure pax
- Encourage to breathe slowly
- Breathe into airsickness bag
- If insisting oxygen, give oxygen mask but do not turn on
First aid for nosebleed
Tilt head slightly forward and breathe through mouth
Symptoms of decompression sickness
- Pressure pain in and around joints
- Burning pain in the chest
- Tingling, itching, skin rash
- Warm or cold sensations
- Visual disturbances and headache
First aid for decompression sickness
- Pain should be relieved after AC descent
- Avoid exercise
- Keep affected area immobile
- Provide first aid for shock
First aid for airsickness
- Recline seat
- Apply COLD TOWEL to back of neck and forehead
- Offer AIRSICKNESS BAG
- Loosen clothing
- Discourage eating and drinking
- Offer oxygen
Principle of bandaging
S - serve the purpose
C - careful handling
A - accuracy
N - neatness
First aid for choking
- Ask the passenger "are you choking"
- If unable to respond, stand behind and wrap arms around waist
- Make a fist with thumb tucked inside and place above navel and below breast bone
- Grasp the fist and make an upward thrust
- Repeat until object is coughed up
First aid for dislocation
R - rest
I - immobilize
C - cold application
E - elevate
First aid for alcohol intoxication
- Offer coffee and encourage to eat
- Encourage passenger to sleep