English
is used to express general facts
simple present tense
is used to express facts that existed in the past
simple past tense
is formed by adding -d or -ed
regular verbs
is not formed by adding -d or -ed
irregular verbs
describes action, situations, or events that will be completed sometime in the future
simple future tense
states an action that happened before another past action
past perfect tense
relates an action that started in the past and is continuing to the present
present perfect tense
is used to indicate an actions that Will have been completed a a definite time in the future. example: by the time
future perfect tense
refers to the proliferation of ideas, beliefs, and information to influence other's current beliefs, choices, and actions
propaganda technique
as a propaganda technique encourages people to be part of a certain group, which follows the trend or fad
bandwagon
advertisments or campaigns use terms such as great, best, and freedom to evoke positive feelings
glittering generalities
is a propaganda technique that links a person or product to a negative image or unpleasant label
name calling
is a method in which ordinary people are used to advertise a product or promote a candidate
plain folk
is a technique that uses well-known personalities ro endorse a product or a person
testimonial
means influencing people by showing what the world or life would be when you choose a person or product over it's competitors
building a mental image or transfer
is a statement that can be verified or proven as true or false
fact
reflects a person's beliefs, values, views, and perception
opinion
when the subject performs the action
active voice
when the subject is the receiver of the action
passive voice
is an informative speech in which the speaker convinces the audience
persuasive speech
refers to the credibility of the speaker
ethos
in persuasive speech, refers to the use of logic and reason
logos
in persuasive speech refers to the use of emotion in carrying the logic of the Arguements to the audience
pathos
typically consists of the hook, background information, and main argument
introduction
is an opening statement that should strongly capture the interest of the audience
hook or attention grabber
is the stand of the speaker about a topic or issue that people may agree or disagree with
main argument
of the speed contains the topic sentence, supporting evidence, and analysis
body
includes information about the sources used within the body of the academic text
in-text citation
of a persuasive speech is composed of a brief summary of the argument and it's significance
conclusion
is an alphabetical list of sources cited in your speech or academic essay
bibliography
are statements expressing strong beliefs on a particular issue or topic
assertions
is the direct statement of the feelings, beliefs, or opinions of the writer
basic assertion
is the expression of the writer's sensitivity to the feelings and emotions of the person's situation
emphatic assertion
is used to affirm the writer's feelings and preferences
i-language assertion
are a type of helping verbs that add meaning to the verb
modals
what does MLA stand for?
Modern Language association
What does APA stand for?
American psychological association
to express strong obligation
must
to express ability
can
to make a suggestion
could
to request permission
may
to express possibility, probability
might
to give advice
ought to or should
to express willingness
would