MILITARY HISTORY OF AFRICA QUIZ.
Precolonial region where horses became a war-winning element.
Sahel Belt
This element was introduced by the Trans-Sahara trade
Camel
People who carried out Trans-Sahara trade
Tuareg
Which religion expanded through Africa thanks to the Trans-Sahara trade?
Islamic
Really important city located in day-present Mali playing a significant role in the precolonial history of the region
Timbuktu
The use of this element was really relevant in the developing of Big Sahel empires.
Horse
Sahel empire with very limited forces which used arros and shields in warfare. they did not use horses
Ghana
first of the Sahelian empires to focus on cavalry and warfare (said to be the promotors of the cavalry revolution in Africa). didn't have an standing army, but a centralized government. Linked to Muslims
Mali
Name all the 4 big empires of Sahel's region
Ghana, Mali, Shongay and Borno.
really similar empire to the Mali one (cavalry, Muslim, centralized government, not-standing profesional army) who struggled with Moroccan forces at the end of its legacy
Shongay
only of the big empires among Sahel which did not make use of cavalry
Ghana
powerful, long-standing army, trade roots empire in the region of Sahel
Borno
battle fought between expansionist Morocco (led by Ahmed al Mansur and Judar Pasha) vs Shongay empire in 1591 which meant the decline of Shongay empire.
Battle of Tondibi
moroccan MILITAR FORCES leader in the Battle of Tondibi (1591)
Judar Pasha
moroccan militar leader in the Battle of Tondibi (1581) against Shongay empire.
Ahmed al Mansur.
regions really influential in the Jihads in the sahel (1700s-1800s) which played a huge role on the spread of Islam through the region
Futa Toro and Futa Jalon
pastoral movement who stretched Sahel, not big kingdoms but Muslims societies with Islamic identity, cattle herding.
Hausa-Fulani
prominent Islamic scholar, reformer, and the leader of the Fulani Jihad in the early 19th really influential in the Islamic tradition of the region.
Usman Dan Fodio.
most significant islam state a result of Fulani's movement (ruled by Usman dan Fodio)
Sokoto Caliphate
prominent islamic scholar which was influential at the reform of islam and at the creation of Tukolor empire
Umar Tall
islamic state funded in the Sahel region as a result of the Jihads in te 1800s funded by Umar Tall
Tukolor Empire
most influential factor at the coastal forest precolonial warfare. it consisted in a triangle were: African people were transported to the americas, in order to produce as a man-labor to make products which will be consumed in Europe. European traders would trade weapons to Africa.
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.
which arms (which were really bad at first given the weather conditions) were the first imported by Africans in the slave trade?
Matchlocks
wich two weapons were firstly and mainly imported to africa related to the development of the centralized states in the western coast of Africa via the Slave Trade System?
Flintlocks and Dune Guns
which army of the centralized states in the western african coast in the 1800s was fully composed by women?
Dahomey
which 2 Western-coastal African states fought more than 3 wars in the 1800s over borders, resources and slave trade (even though a definitive result were never reached)
Asante and Dahomey
which culture albergada 3 notable regions (Oyo, Ife and Ibadan) in the today's Nigeria, Benin and Togo?
Yoruba
which were the 3 peoples living under Yoruba's culture in the 1800s West Coastal Africa?
Oyo, Ife and Ibadan
which two people from the centralized states from the western-coastal Africa fought wars with gun power over the domination of slave treat troots?
Oyo and Dahomey
which people defeated Oyo over the domination of trade roots, followed by a cut off, an economic isolation and collapse?
Dahomey
which people fought against the expansionist Jihadists on the north of Africa and in wich wars?
Ibadan in Yoruba Wars
which great battle took Place between Ibadan and Jihadist Ilorin?
Battle of Osogbo
which two armies were faced in the Battle of Osogbo
Ibadan and Jihadist Ilorin
which two main trading towns were significantly big in the decentralized states on the Western African coast in the 1800s?
Bonny and Brass
which was the most characteristic political and social institution of the Eastern Niger Delta states of Nigeria in the 18th and 19th centuries?
Canoa House
which people of the decentralized states of Western coastal precolonial Africa fought over trade, land and slaves
Igbo
which were the first Europeans to establish overseas colonies in western-central Africa
Portuguese
who was one of the most influential figures in the Portuguese overseas expansion on Africa in the 1500s/1600s, intereested mainly in commodities and then captives
Henry the Navigator
which navigator successfully sailed around the Southern tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope) and reached the shores of India, also the African Eastern's coast?
Vasco de Gama
precolonial well-known African Kingdom in west-central Africa who Portuguese contacted with (which would lead to a civil war of the kingdom)
Kongo
first Portuguese Cristian ruler of Kongo (early 1500s) which carried out the conversion to Christianity and stablished diplomatic relations with Prtugal, as well as the centralization and the modernization of the states, with a deeply involvement in the Slade Trade System
Alfonso I
invasion consisted of a series of destructive and chaotic incursions (1568) led by this particular group of warrior bands displaced by wars of the slave trade, into various parts of west Africa, including the Kingdom of Kongo:
Jaga
Portugueses helped Kongo Kingdom with THIS INVASION and, as a reward, getting their own territory in the portuguese Angola (Luanda).
Jaga Invasion
Which territory was given to the Portuguese because of their help (supporting Kongo Kingdom) against Java Invasion?
Luanda
which territory occupied the today's Angola territory which organized in a very similar way to the Kingdom of Kongo?
Ndongo Kingdom
who fought warfare against Portuguese in 1576 as the Portuguese army had stablished a significant presence in the region of Ndongo (Luanda)?
Ndongo Kingdom
which stablished an alliance with the Dutch (who captured a bunch of regions over Kongo coast, specifically the region around Luanda, against the Portuguese?
Kingdom of Kongo
which army managed to (temporarily) conquest Luanda (over the Kongo coast), with the support of their Allies, the Kongo Kingdom?
Dutch
Who is the most famous women in the military history of Africa, known by her efforts to resist Portuguese presence in west-central africa colonial expansion?
Queen Nzinga
who was a (female) ruler deeply enrolled in warfare, diplomatic, member of the ruling family of the Kingdom of Ndongo respected by all other regions?
Queen Nzinga
What political entity under women's rule remained independent from the Portuguese domain as Ndongo had lost his prominance and move eastward?
Matamba
Which new rule in the west-central Africa (Angola) allied with the Portuguese in the battle of Mbwila against Ndongo and Nzinga's rule?
Imbangala
what was the most important battle in West-central Africa, occured in 1665, which was fought between Portuguese (from Luanda and Brazil) and Imbangala people vs Kingdom of Kongo
Battle of Mbwila
which Portuguese Ruler in charge of Luanda forces in the Battle of Mbwila managed to outmaneuvered and defeat Kingdom of Kongo (king António I) in 1664
Luis Lopes de Sequeira
which Kongo ruler in charge at the Battle of Mbwila was defeated (and captured afterwards) by Luis Lopes de Sequeira's Portuguese army in 1665, meaning a turning point in the history of the Kongo Kingdom?
António I
which internal conflict caused by both power struggles among noble and royal families, tensions between provinces a,d external interference by Portuguese marked by widespread destruction contributed mainly to the fragmentation and disintegration of the Kingdom?
Kongo Civil War
which charismatic and religious figure of the Kingdom of Kongo in the 17th century was known for her religious and political movement known as Antonianism?
Beatriz Kimpa Vita
Which is the most relevant resistance against slavery in the period of 17th-19th century, carried out mainly by quilombo people?
Slave Resistance in Brazil
most famous pre-colonial society in Southern Africa which has been historically exaggerated and overdramatizes over TV series and comuentaries (even though they had in fact a strong nationalism and a well-known identity)
Zulu Kingdom
several different kingdoms which shared Zulu language and which unification was the result of the Zulu kingdom.
Nguni Kingdoms
glorified first emerging leader of the Nguni Kingdoms unification, transforming it into a big kingdom through the developing of great military innovations that made the Zulus successful in warfare.
Shaka
several devastating events and migrations occurring in the 19th century Southern-Africa: a period of widespread warfare, displacements and social upheaval in which King Shaka resulted victorious
Mfecane
way in which Zulu people military and socially organized themselves in the 19th century
Age regiments
which arms were usually used by the zulu kingdom in the early 1800s?
Short stabbing spears
in which way would the Zulus (romantizacers of this kind of battle) fight wars over Southern Africa in the 19th century (even though war was very limited)
Hand-to-Hand
which famous formation would the Zulu use over the 19th century in the warfare, recurring into Encircling tactics?
Bull Horn Formation
did zulus use firearms, even though the spread of these was completed after the British colonial penetration?
No
which battle was fought between Zulu's army (Dingane) and Boer (Piet Retief) people in 1838 as a result of the Boer displacement because of the Great Trek?
Battle of Blood River
Which was the significant historical event in the early 19th century over South Africa which forced Boers (Dutch-descendant settlers) to migrate inland in South Africa as an attempt to escape British Colonial rule?
Great Trek
Which Armies faced in the Battle of Blood River in 1838?
Zulus and Boers
Which was the main cause of the Battle of Blood River in 1838 between Boers and Zulus?
Great Trek
Who was the ruler (brother and assasinator of King Shaka) of Zulus people in the Battle of River Blood in 1838 against the Boers?
Dingane
Who was the ruler of Boers people in the Battle of River Blood in 1838 against the Zulus?
Piet Retief
Which group was formed by Dutch-descendant-settlers who were the main political subject of the Great Trek in the 19th century and had cavalry in the Battle of Blood River?
Boers
who would be the sucessor of King Shaka at the command of Zulu people?
Mpande
which formidable kingdom would emerge in the early 1820s as a stablishment by Mzilikazi (a high-ranking commander in the Zulu army under Kingh Shaka's command until a series of dispute), as a result of a combination of conquest, diplomacy, and the assimilation of various ethnic groups in the context of the Great Trek?
Ndebele Kingdom
which figure (past-zulu commander under Shaka's command) would be in charge of the establishment of the Ndebele Kingdom up in the 1820s in Southern Africa?
Mzilikazi
which people would emerge from the hand of Zwangendaba as a result of a series of migrations and fleeings from the hostile forces of Zulu Kingdom?
Ngoni
________ would be responsible of the emergence of the Ngoni people as a result of a series of migrations and fleeings from the hostile forces of Zulu Kingdom
Zwangendaba
from which people would have been created the Modern Lesotho?
Sotho Kingdom
which southern-african state would be created in the 1820s by Moshoeshoe as a result of territorial disputes and conflicts with European colonial powers?
Sotho kingdom
which weapons would be used by Sotho people, as well as cavalry (as a technique of "do what other people do because we're afraid of them")?
Guns
__________ would be responsible of the raise of Sotho Kingdom in Southern Africa in the 1820s?
Moshoeshoe
which military area was deeply developed by the Sotho kingdom in the 1820s in the Southern Africa region
Cavalry
Sotho Kingdom used _________ as a way to stay off the Zulus, British and boers in the 1820s in Southern Africa
Drakensberg Mountains
flat-topped sandstone mountain and historically significant fortress located in the Kingdom of Lesotho, historical capital and Stronghold of King Moshoeshoe as a defensive fortress:
Thaba Bosiu
Mixed-race or multiracial ethnic group, transfortier people in Southern Africa, pirmarly found in South Africa and Namibia, drive their origins from Dutch settlers from Dutch East India Company
Griqua
Boers, or Afrikaners settlers who sought independence from British colonial rule founded _____, which eventually would became involved in conflicts and negotiations with the British and enemies of the Sotho, gradually conquering their territories. It also was involved in the Battle of Berea
Orange Free State
These settlers were the founders of the Orange Free State in Southern Africa
Boers/Afrikaners
Result of British pretentions to conquer Sotho, this battle would be fought between British colonial forces (under George Carchcart's command) and Afrikaners in 1852.
Battle of Berea
_______ was the commander of the British colonial armies in the Battle of berea, fought against the Boers of the Orange Free State
George Carchart
_____ people resided in the Eastern Cape region and were among the early inhabitants of what is now South Africa. They would be taken over by British forces in 1806.
Xhosa
only southern Africa precolonial state which does not follow the idea of all men are warriors, presenting a standing army; instead, its military formation was stablished by communities.
Xhosa
______ were fought between Dutch and British colonists and Xhosa people. Even though tit did not lead to significant territorial changes or displacements, it set the stage for future conflicts and tensions between European settlers and Xhosa people in the Eastern Cape. Between them, we can find battles like Amelinde, Grahamstown, Gwanqa or the Mlanjeni war.
Cape-Xhosa wars
Battle took place in 1818 during the Cape-Xhosa wars and pitted Xhosa people and expanding British colonial forces.It will be folowed by the Battle of Grahamstown
Battle of Amalinde
Following Battle of Amalinde, this battle (where British and Xhosa faced) guaranteed the defense and the consolidation of the British control over the town in 1819.
Battle of Grahamstown
after adapting their stratergy, Xhosa people fought this battle against the british under Maqoma's command in 1846.
Battle of Gwanqa
series of battles, skirmishes and guerrilla warfare tactis happening through the Cape-Xhosa wars between british expansionist colonial army and the Xhosa people, which had profound consequences for these ones.
War of Mlanjeni
significant episode in the larger conflict between British Empire and Boer Republics, South African Republic (Traansval) and Orange Free States (Maqoma).
Waterloof Campaign
both of these groups formed alliances with Britain in the Cape Frontier Wars: the first one eventually
Khoisan and Mfengu
oldest and well-recognized centralized kingdom flourishing in the East African territory in the 1700s/1800s, with a similar military culture the Zulus (romantizicing close combat) presented but counted on canoe navy
Bunyoro
one of the several traditional kingdoms of Uganda, flourishing in the 1700s in East Africa, also counting on navy forces, which historical figure was Mutesa.
Buganda
______ was the most significant historical figure in the history of Buganda.
Mutesa
most agressive centralized state over East Africa. This state counted wih a special position. Only precolonial state to actually form an standing army.
Rwanda
three major ethnic groups in the Great Lakes region
Tutsi, Hutu and Rwa
last independent ruler of Rwanda kingdom, prominent historical king
Rwabugiri
this kind of states originated in Kenyan open areas with big open spaces of the Savannah.
Decentralized Pastoralists States
which nomadic pastoral, prhophet movement, with distinctive culture, using socket spears with used the eagle's wing tactic?
Maasai
western part of kenya pastoral ethnic group
Nandi
irregular (and irregularly) armed forces in East Africa known by ther adaptibility and ability during the 19th and 20th centuries armed with a large variety of weapons, involved in the conflicts and power struggles taking places in East Africa during the colonial era
Ruga-Ruga
new military group located in the western part of Tanzania in the 1800s whose leader was Mirambo.
Nyamwezi
first of the Central African States of whose appearance we have evidence which has a centralized political organization and a very well hierarchal military structure, royal court and hereditary rules, characterized fot using psychological terror (amputation, mutilation, terror..).
Luba Kingdom
well-known paramount chief of Lunda Kingdom in the Kazembe Region
Mwata Yamvo
historic pre-colonial kingdom located along the western coast of Africa, whose king was known as Manikongo really involved in the Atlantic Slave Trade
Loango Kingdom
group of regions or chiefdoms, each with its own rulers and leaderchips, whose military and social organization consisted on companies (marries and unmarried)
Azande states
European powers plan set in 1884 where 14 leaders decided how they were going to divide up the continent's territories. Gave start to the Scramble of Africa.
Berlin Conference
international agreement (1890) playing a role in the Scramble of Africa: regulating trade and establishing ground rules for the division of territories, stablishing guidelines for the acquisition of territories
Brussels Act
only serious incident of confrontation, diplomatic and territorial dispute between Great Britain and France over control of the East Africa region, located among the Nile river (now South Sudan) in 1898.
Fashoda Incident
the only two states which mantained independent during the Scramble of Africa
Ethiopia and Liberia
the two main chartered British companies coming along into the scramble of Africa.
British South Africa Colonies and Royal Nigeria Companies
encounterment between Italy and Ethiopia in which African army managed to defend themselves against European colonial power on march 1896. constitutes the only successful defensive military camapign against European during this period.
Battle of Adowa
who was the commander of Ethiopian army at the Battle of Andowa
Emperor Menelik II
who was the commander of Italian army at the Battle of Andowa
Oreste Baratieri
name of the Egyptian military Leader which successfully completed the conquest of Sudan in the 1820s
Mohammed Ali
In the Egyptian invasion of Sudan, city stablished as the center of the slave trade.
Khartoum
name of the Egyptian militar which lost the Battle of Tel El Kebir 1882
Ahmed Urabi
__________ ended up into the succesfuly British Occupation of Egypt in 1882
Battle of Tel El Kebir
forced British expedition as some anti-slavery agenda general national heroe disobeyed English and start a campaign against the Mahdis on the south.
Gordon Relief Expedition
leader of the Mahdi Movement emerged in sudan in 1881
Muhammad Amaid
popular movement led by Muhammad Amaid in Sudan as an attemp to purificate muslim.
Mahdi
big disaster for English part of the First British Invasion of Sudan in 1884-85
Battle of Abu Klea
name of the British militar successful in the Second British Invasion of Sudan
Kitchener
British victory battle in the Second Sudan Invasion
Battle of Omdurman
confrontation resulted from the tensions and misunderstundings between Zulu and British (Anglo-Zulu war in 1879) led to this battle, which was the major defeat of British history in Africa.
Battle of Isandlwana
Decisive boer victory in the First Anglo-Boer war
Battle of Majuba Hill
Defeat of Boers which would make the Second Anglo-Boer war coming into a conventional war to a Guerrilla war.
Battle of Paardeberg
Official document declaring peace between Boers and English after the 2 Anglo-Boer wars (it is said that with the treaty, Boers lost the war but won peace).
Treaty of Vereeninging.
first elected Prime minister of South Africa
Louis Botha