GENCHEM
Everything around us, anything that occupies space and has mass
Matter
3 state of matter
solid
liquid
gas
definite shape & volune, particle are packed
solid
definite volume & no fixed shape, particle move and close contact
liquid
no definite volume & shape, particles widely separated
gas
characteristics of a certain substance that set it apart from other substance
properties of matter
2 group of properties of matter
physical and chemical properties
under physical properties
intensive
extensive
observed & measured without changing into another substaance (color, density, volume)
physical property
do not depend on the amount of matter in a sample (boiling point, temp., concentration)
intensive
depend on how much matter a sample contain
extensive
substance change into dif. substance (ionization, toxicity,stability,reactivity,relative activity,cumbustibility)
chemical property
2 transformation of matter
physical and chemical changes
substance is converted to a new substance
chemical changes
melting
evap
sublimation
freezing
condenzation
deposition
physical changes
solid to liquid
melting
liquid to gas
evaporation
solid to gas
sublimation
liquid to solid
freezing
gas to liquid
condenzation
gas to solid
deposition
2 classification of matter
pure substance
mixture
2 under pure substance
element
compound
matter has definite compositionn and distinct properties
pure substance
simplest form of matter, composed of one kind of atom, cant decomposed iinto smaller substance
element
element react to each other to form a
compound
composed of 2 or more substance sombined physically, can be separated by physical means
mixtures
mixture is that mixture in which the components mix with each other and its composition is uniform throughout the solution. (coffee, air)
homogeneous mixture
is that mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout and different components are observed. (salad, smog)
heterogenous mixture
has smaller particles, substance is dissolve / scattered, stay mixed together, (cake, cookies, milk)
colloid
particles visible, can separate,
suspension
separate a suspension, use a filter paper (pancit canton and water)
filtration
solid particle settle at the bottom (oil & water, dirt and water)
decantation
poured into a special tube (centrifuge apparatus) then spin using centrifugal force (wiwi)
centrifugation
separate elements using magnet
magnetic separation
liquid to gas (salt)
evaporation
solid to gas
sublimation
separate homogenous mixture compose of 2+ substance w/ di. boiling point
distillation
separating complex mixture, use paper chromatography
chromatography
atoms w/ same atomis # but diff mass # (carbon 14, carbon 12)
isotopes
combination of 2 atoms in definite proportion, bound together by covalent bonds (H2O (water) N2 (nitrogen) O3 (ozone) CaO (calcium oxide)
molecule
electrically neutral, lose and gain electrons to became stable. they become positivele and negatively charge.
ions
Ions with a positive charge are called
cations
Ions with a negative charge are called
anions
a radioactive isotope of carbon with a nucleus containing 6 protons and 8 neutrons
carbon 14
is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH 3
ammonia
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging scans use a radioactive tracer to check for signs of cancer, heart disease and brain disorders.
pet scans
relative ratio between the number of atoms of the different elements present
imperical formula
shows exact number of atoms of each element per molecule
molecular formula